Assignment of hexokinase types 1, 2, 3 (&lt;i&gt;Hk1, 2, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;3&lt;/i&gt;) and glucokinase (&lt;i&gt;Gck&lt;/i&gt;) to rat chromosome band 20q11, 4q34, 17q12 and 14q21 respectively, by in situ hybridization

Sebastian, Siby; Hoebee, Barbara; Hande, Manoor Prakash; Kenkare, Umakant W.; Natarajan, A.T.

doi:10.1159/000134593

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Four highly homologous hexokinase isoforms, encoded by separate genes, have been described in mammalian tissues (Katzen and Schimke, 1965;Sebastian et al, 1997;Wilson, 2003). Individual isoforms -denoted as HKI, HKII, HKIII and HKIV in the terminology of Katzen and Schimke (1965) -exhibit a number of close structural and functional similarities that have been attributed to a common evolutionary origin (Colowick, 1973;Wilson, 1997a;Cardenas et al, 1998), but they are also characterized by important differences in kinetic features, regulatory properties, intracellular distribution and patterns of expression (Table 1) …”

Section: Mammalian Cells Express Multiple Hexokinase Isoformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial hexokinases, novel mediators of the antiapoptotic effects of growth factors and Akt

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cell survival has been closely linked to both trophic growth factor signaling and cellular metabolism. Such couplings have obvious physiologic and pathophysiologic implications, but their underlying molecular bases remain incompletely defined. As a common mediator of both the metabolic and anti-apoptotic effects of growth factors, the serine/threonine kinase Akt -also known as protein kinase B or PKB -is capable of regulating and coordinating these inter-related processes. The glucose dependence of the antiapoptotic effects of growth factors and Akt plus a strong correlation between Akt-regulated mitochondrial hexokinase association and apoptotic susceptibility suggest a major role for hexokinases in these effects. Mitochondrial hexokinases catalyse the first obligatory step of glucose metabolism and directly couple extramitochondrial glycolysis to intramitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and are thus well suited to play this role. The ability of Akt to regulate energy metabolism appears to have evolutionarily preceded the capacity to control cell survival. This suggests that Akt-dependent metabolic regulatory functions may have given rise to glucose-dependent antiapoptotic effects that evolved as an adaptive sensing system involving hexokinases and serve to ensure mitochondrial homeostasis, thereby coupling metabolism to cell survival. We hypothesize that the enlistment of Akt and hexokinase in the control of mammalian cell apoptosis evolved as a response to the recruitment of mitochondria to the apoptotic cascade. The central importance of mitochondrial hexokinases in cell survival also suggests that they may represent viable therapeutic targets in cancer.

show abstract

Section: Mammalian Cells Express Multiple Hexokinase Isoformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial hexokinases, novel mediators of the antiapoptotic effects of growth factors and Akt

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, bacterial and lower vertebrate genes code for smaller proteins (about 50 kDa), while mammalian HKs 1-3 and HKDC1 are ≅ 100 kDa in size. HK isoforms possess high sequence similarities (Supplementary Fig 1) at the 'N' and 'C' terminal domains referred to as "Hemi domains" (Fig 1) [4][5][6][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. These hemi domains are thought to have evolved because of a gene duplication event from the bacterial HK enzyme [23,24].…”

Section: Of 17mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is ubiquitously expressed inside all cells with a granular cytoplasmic expression pattern. The enzyme is also localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane [4][5][6]. HK1 has the highest level of tissue expression in the brain, followed by the urinary bladder, thyroid gland, colon, and bone marrow [4,6].…”

Section: Of 17mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first step of glucose metabolism is catalyzed by hexokinases (HKs). HKs are a family of phosphotransferase enzymes with different kinetic properties, expression profiles, and subcellular localization that initiate glucose metabolism [4][5][6]. Four canonical isoforms of the HK family have been well characterized: HKs 1-3 have a broad range of expression, and the fourth isoform, more commonly known as glucokinase (GCK), is expressed mainly in the liver and pancreas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four canonical isoforms of the HK family have been well characterized: HKs 1-3 have a broad range of expression, and the fourth isoform, more commonly known as glucokinase (GCK), is expressed mainly in the liver and pancreas. [4][5][6][7]. Although specific roles have been described for each HK, the existence of multiple isozymes catalyzing the same reaction within the same cell or tissue is a pressing question.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Aiding Cancer’s “Sweet Tooth”: Role of Hexokinases in Metabolic Reprogramming

Farooq¹,

Ismail²,

Bhat³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hexokinases (HKs) convert hexose sugars to hexose-6-phosphate, thus trapping them inside cells to meet the synthetic and energetic demands. HKs participate in various standard and altered physiological processes, including cancer, primarily through the reprogramming of cellular metabolism. Four canonical HKs have been identified with different expression patterns across tissues. HKs 1-3 play a role in glucose utilization, whereas HK 4 (glucokinase, GCK) also acts as a glucose sensor. Recently, a novel 5th HK, hexokinase domain containing 1 (HKDC1), has been identified, which plays a role in whole-body glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity. Beyond the metabolic functions, HKDC1 is differentially expressed in many forms of human cancer. This review focuses on the role of HKs, particularly HKDC1, in metabolic reprogramming and cancer progression.

show abstract

The Human Gene for the Type III Isozyme of Hexokinase: Structure, Basal Promoter, and Evolution

Sebastian

Edassery

Wilson

2001

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Assignment of hexokinase types 1, 2, 3 (<i>Hk1, 2, </i><i>3</i>) and glucokinase (<i>Gck</i>) to rat chromosome band 20q11, 4q34, 17q12 and 14q21 respectively, by in situ hybridization

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Mitochondrial hexokinases, novel mediators of the antiapoptotic effects of growth factors and Akt

Mitochondrial hexokinases, novel mediators of the antiapoptotic effects of growth factors and Akt

Aiding Cancer’s “Sweet Tooth”: Role of Hexokinases in Metabolic Reprogramming

The Human Gene for the Type III Isozyme of Hexokinase: Structure, Basal Promoter, and Evolution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About