Assessment of traditional knowledge of the antidiabetic plants of Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas in the context of recent phytochemical and pharmacological advances

Background:Ancient medical practitioners used to encourage dietary supplements and herbal medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Ginger (Zingiber officinale), is a nontoxic spice with negligible side effects, and is considered safe by the food and drug administration. In this analysis, we aimed to systematically compare fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at baseline versus at follow-up in T2DM patients who consumed and who did not consume ginger.Methods:A literature search was carried out through MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central, and www.ClinicalTrials.gov for English-published trials comparing glucose parameters in T2DM patients who were assigned to ginger consumption versus a control group. All the participants were patients with T2DM who were either assigned to ginger therapy (1600– 4000 mg daily) or to a control group. FBS and HbA1c were assessed in the ginger and control groups, respectively, from baseline to follow-up to observe any significant change. Weight mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated to represent the analysis which was carried out by the RevMan 5.3 software.Results:Eight randomized trials consisting of a total number of 454 participants with T2DM were included in this analysis. At first, FBS was compared in patients with T2DM from baseline prior to ginger consumption until follow-up after ginger consumption. The results showed no significant difference in FBS (WMD: 1.38, 95% CI: [−0.53–3.30]; P = .16). For the T2DM patients who did not consume ginger, no significant difference in FBS was observed (WMD: −0.27, 95% CI: [−5.09–4.54]; P = .91). However, a significantly improved HbA1c from baseline to follow-up was observed in those participants with ginger consumption (WMD: 0.46, 95% CI: [0.09–0.84]; P = .02) whereas in the control group, no significant difference in HbA1c was observed (WMD: −0.23, 95% CI: [−0.60–0.14]; P = .22).Conclusion:This analysis involving patients with T2DM showed no significant difference in FBS with ginger consumption. However, dietary ginger significantly improved HbA1c from baseline to follow-up showing that this natural medicine might have an impact on glucose control over a longer period of time in patients with T2DM.

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“…[14] Today, new researchers are interested to further discover and explore the biopharmaceutical activities of these dietary supplements. [15–16]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary ginger as a traditional therapy for blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Huang

Deng²,

Meng³

et al. 2019

Medicine

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“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous deregulation of carbohydrate metabolism, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that results from impaired glucose metabolism and the subequent increase in blood serum glucose concentration [26, 27]. Multiple factors included metabolic, genetic and inflammatory mediators were shown to be the risk factors for DM [28, 29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between E469K polymorphism in the ICAM1 gene and the risk of diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis

Liu

He²,

Fang

et al. 2018

Lipids Health Dis

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BackgroundInflammation may be a key pathophysiological mechanism in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) is an acute phase marker of inflammation. ICAM1 rs5498 has been reported to be associated with the risk of DN. However, the previous findings were conflicting due to the limited sample sizes, different methodologies and ethnicities. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the genetic association between ICAM1 rs5498 and the risk of DN.MethodsTwo investigators independently searched the studies from the databases PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Embase. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the associations.ResultsNo significant association was detected between ICAM1 rs5498 and DN susceptibility in allelic and recessive models (p > 0.05). However, significant reduction of frequencies of the dominant model of ICAM1 rs5498 was only detected in the Caucasian subgroup (OR = 0.80; 95% CI = [0.65, 0.99], p = 0.04) and type 1 diabetes mellitus subgroup (OR = 0.80; 95% CI = [0.65, 0.99], p = 0.04).ConclusionsThus, ICAM1 rs5498 might be a risk factor for DN in Caucasians and type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, which suggested that ICAM1 rs5498 might help in early diagnosis and prevention of this disease. Further studies were needed to clarify the biochemical function and pathological role of ICAM1 rs5498 in the risk of DN.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0922-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…8 To cure diabetes mellitus, fresh fruit 1,2 is eaten twice a day for 6-8 weeks. [9][10][11][12][13] A number of pharmacological investigators have found that C. rotang L has CNS depressant, analgesic and also anti-inflammatory, 14,15 antioxidant, 16 anti-proliferative, 17 Immunomodulatory 18 and immunosuppressive properties. 19 C. rotang has been examined for its immunoadjuvant enhancement, 20 antidiarrheal, and hypoglycaemic activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Calamus rotang L leaves (Arecaceae) in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Model

Kumar¹,

Lalitha²,

Sambathkumar³

2021

JOPCR

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Background: Calamus rotang L (Asteraceae), also known as Pirampu in India, has long been employed in Ayurvedic medicinal formulations. It has been used to cure diabetes in folklore medicine for centuries. Aim: This Study evaluated the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Calamus rotang L leaves in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NC) induced diabetic model. Methods: Estimation of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, total haemoglobin, lipid profiles, lipoproteins, hepatic marker enzyme activity, and pancreas histopathology was performed in STZ-NC induced diabetic rats after receiving ethanol extract of C. rotang L leaves (100 & 200 mg/kg) for 28 days orally. The data were statistically analysed using one-way analysis (ANOVA) and post hoc multiple comparison tests. Results: The ethanol extract of C. rotang L leaves was given at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg showed a substantial drop in fasting blood glucose levels and an increase in body weight. HbA1C, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, AST, ALT, and ALP levels were dramatically lowered by the ethanol extract of the leaves of C. rotang L, whereas Hb, HDL cholesterol levels were significantly increased. Furthermore, in STZ-NC induced diabetes, the C. rotang L leaves ethanol extract has a positive impact on pancreas histological alterations. Conclusions: For the first time, these findings show that the C. rotang L leaves ethanol extract has significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential, bolstering the plant's claimed application in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Keywords Calamus rotang L leaves, Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic, Glibenclamide

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Assessment of traditional knowledge of the antidiabetic plants of Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas in the context of recent phytochemical and pharmacological advances

Cited by 15 publications

References 100 publications

Dietary ginger as a traditional therapy for blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Dietary ginger as a traditional therapy for blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Association between E469K polymorphism in the ICAM1 gene and the risk of diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis

Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Calamus rotang L leaves (Arecaceae) in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Model

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