Assessment of the strain gauge technique for measurement of wind turbine blade loads

Active tip deflection control for wind turbines

“…Strain gauges can be difficult to calibrate for long term operation as they are highly sensitive to external factors such as temperature and humidity. They can experience long term drifting, as well as difficulty in measuring stresses in anisotropic material [11]. With improving sensing technology, alternatives to strain gauge sensors have been explored for use in IPC and other smart rotor technologies.…”

“…Strain gauge measurements can estimate the blade bending moments which are used as the controller input for the majority of IPC literature [1,3,7,8,19]. However, there are a number of shortcomings to strain gauge measurements, including sensitivity to temperature, humidity, mounting error and long term drift [11]. Tip deflection measurements, although subject to their own sources of error, could be a viable alternative to strain gauges in IPC systems.…”

Active tip deflection control for wind turbines

“…Strain gauges can be difficult to calibrate for long term operation as they are highly sensitive to external factors such as temperature and humidity. They can experience long term drifting, as well as difficulty in measuring stresses in anisotropic material [11]. With improving sensing technology, alternatives to strain gauge sensors have been explored for use in IPC and other smart rotor technologies.…”

“…Strain gauge measurements can estimate the blade bending moments which are used as the controller input for the majority of IPC literature [1,3,7,8,19]. However, there are a number of shortcomings to strain gauge measurements, including sensitivity to temperature, humidity, mounting error and long term drift [11]. Tip deflection measurements, although subject to their own sources of error, could be a viable alternative to strain gauges in IPC systems.…”

Development of a Fan-Shaped Distance Meter System for Measuring Moving Rotor Blades – Concept, Photogrammetric Orientation and First Results

“…Strain gauges can be attached to the rotor blades. However, these are susceptible to errors, especially temperature has a high impact on the results (Papadopoulos et al, 2000). The actual deformation of the blades cannot be adequately described with these strain gauges.…”

Real-Time Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blade Alignment Using Laser Displacement and Strain Measurement

“…Papadopoulos et al [20] also recommends this configuration and maintains that temperature is the most significant source of error, especially in composite blades that exhibit anisotropy in stiffness and thermal expansion coefficients. This gauge configuration was used to conduct accurate mass loading detection on small model WT blades in a controlled lab setting by Flanagan [13].…”

Active tip deflection control for wind turbines

“…Strain gauges can be difficult to calibrate for long term operation as they are highly sensitive to external factors such as temperature and humidity. They can experience long term drifting, as well as difficulty in measuring stresses in anisotropic material [11]. With improving sensing technology, alternatives to strain gauge sensors have been explored for use in IPC and other smart rotor technologies.…”

“…Strain gauge measurements can estimate the blade bending moments which are used as the controller input for the majority of IPC literature [1,3,7,8,19]. However, there are a number of shortcomings to strain gauge measurements, including sensitivity to temperature, humidity, mounting error and long term drift [11]. Tip deflection measurements, although subject to their own sources of error, could be a viable alternative to strain gauges in IPC systems.…”

Development of a Fan-Shaped Distance Meter System for Measuring Moving Rotor Blades – Concept, Photogrammetric Orientation and First Results

“…Strain gauges can be attached to the rotor blades. However, these are susceptible to errors, especially temperature has a high impact on the results (Papadopoulos et al, 2000). The actual deformation of the blades cannot be adequately described with these strain gauges.…”

Real-Time Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blade Alignment Using Laser Displacement and Strain Measurement

“…Papadopoulos et al [20] also recommends this configuration and maintains that temperature is the most significant source of error, especially in composite blades that exhibit anisotropy in stiffness and thermal expansion coefficients. This gauge configuration was used to conduct accurate mass loading detection on small model WT blades in a controlled lab setting by Flanagan [13].…”

Active tip deflection control for wind turbines

“…Strain gauges can be difficult to calibrate for long term operation as they are highly sensitive to external factors such as temperature and humidity. They can experience long term drifting, as well as difficulty in measuring stresses in anisotropic material [11]. With improving sensing technology, alternatives to strain gauge sensors have been explored for use in IPC and other smart rotor technologies.…”

“…Strain gauge measurements can estimate the blade bending moments which are used as the controller input for the majority of IPC literature [1,3,7,8,19]. However, there are a number of shortcomings to strain gauge measurements, including sensitivity to temperature, humidity, mounting error and long term drift [11]. Tip deflection measurements, although subject to their own sources of error, could be a viable alternative to strain gauges in IPC systems.…”

Development of a Fan-Shaped Distance Meter System for Measuring Moving Rotor Blades – Concept, Photogrammetric Orientation and First Results

“…Strain gauges can be attached to the rotor blades. However, these are susceptible to errors, especially temperature has a high impact on the results (Papadopoulos et al, 2000). The actual deformation of the blades cannot be adequately described with these strain gauges.…”

Real-Time Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blade Alignment Using Laser Displacement and Strain Measurement

“…Papadopoulos et al [20] also recommends this configuration and maintains that temperature is the most significant source of error, especially in composite blades that exhibit anisotropy in stiffness and thermal expansion coefficients. This gauge configuration was used to conduct accurate mass loading detection on small model WT blades in a controlled lab setting by Flanagan [13].…”