Assessment of the potential of Norway-spruce-seed-orchard associated plants to serve as alternate hosts of &lt;i&gt;Thekopsora areolata&lt;/i&gt;

Kaitera, Juha; Kauppila, Tuomas; Hantula, J.

doi:10.14214/sf.10446

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…This is also supported by recent pathogenicity tests of T. areolata on Prunus and Picea (Kaitera et al 2019). In addition, common ground flora species at the seed orchards, other than Prunus, were also inoculated recently using T. areolata, with negative results (Kaitera et al 2021a). Therefore, no wild plant species other than Prunus were found to be susceptible to T. areolata either under artificial or natural conditions in Finnish Norway spruce seed orchards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of the study was to clarify, if other plant species than Prunus can spread T. areolata under natural conditions in Finnish seed orchards, and therefore, to investigate and describe the natural sporulation of T. areolata on species of Ericaceae and some other species belonging commonly to the ground flora in Norway spruce seed orchards in Finland. Recently, we tested by artificial inoculation the susceptibility of a number of species to T. areolata (Kaitera et al 2019(Kaitera et al , 2021a, the current monitoring of natural sporulation of rusts on various plant species providing supplementary evidence. It was also aimed to describe another rust found commonly on Vaccinium in seed orchards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Naohidemyces vaccinii sporulates on wild species of ground flora in Finnish Norway spruce seed orchards but Thekopsora areolata does not on other species than Prunus

Kaitera¹,

Aarnio²,

Ylioja³

et al. 2021

Silva Fenn.

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Thekopsora areolata Picea abies Picea T. areolata T. areolata Vaccinium myrtillus V. vitis-idaea Empetrum nigrum Calluna vulgaris Thekopsora areolata Thekopsora 2 T. areolata V. myrtillus V. vitis-idaea V. myrtillus V. vitis-idaea V. myrtillus V. vitis-idaea Naohidemyces vaccinii Vaccinium T. areolata Prunus

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naohidemyces vaccinii sporulates on wild species of ground flora in Finnish Norway spruce seed orchards but Thekopsora areolata does not on other species than Prunus

Kaitera¹,

Aarnio²,

Ylioja³

et al. 2021

Silva Fenn.

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“…Various solutions are being examined, including chemical treatments and more intense management for seed production in a controlled greenhouse environment with mass pollination. In Norway spruce, the treatments proposed include the removal of Prunus species (known to be the primary hosts of cherry-spruce rust) in the proximity of orchards (Kaitera et al 2021), and the removal of redundant cones (Almqvist & Wennström 2020). In Eucalyptus globulus, evolution of controlled pollination techniques has enabled the development of cost-efficient mass controlled pollination programmes to produce improved eucalyptus full-sibs (Harbard et al 1999).…”

Section: Tools For Vegetative Propagation and Seed Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for evolution in European tree breeding

Fugeray-Scarbel,

Bouffier,

Lemarié

et al. 2024

iForest

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Genetically improved forest reproductive materials are now widely accessible in many European countries due to decades of continuous breeding efforts. Tree breeding does not only contribute to higher-value end products but allows an increase in the rate of carbon capture and sequestration, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change. The usefulness of breeding programmes depends on (i) the relevance of the set of selected traits and their relative weights (growth, drought tolerance, phenology, etc.); (ii) the explicit management of targeted and "neutral" diversity; (iii) the genetic gain achieved; and (iv) the efficiency of transferring diversity and gain to the plantation. Several biological factors limit both operational breeding and mass reproduction. To fully realise the potential of tree breeding, the introduction of new technologies and concepts is pivotal for overcoming these constraints. We reviewed several European breeding programmes, examining their current status and factors that are likely to influence tree breeding in the coming decades. The synthesis was based on case studies developed for the European Union-funded B4EST project, which focused on eight economically important tree species with breeding histories and intensities ranging from low-input breeding (stone pine, Douglas-fir and ash) to more complex programmes (eucalyptus, maritime pine, Norway spruce, poplar, and Scots pine). Tree breeding for these species is managed in a variety of ways due to differences in species' biology, breeding objectives, and economic value. Most programmes are managed by governmental institutes with full or partial public support because of the relatively late return on investment. Eucalyptus is the only tree species whose breeding is entirely sponsored and managed by a private company. Several new technologies have emerged for both phenotyping and genotyping. They have the potential to speed up breeding processes and make genetic evaluations more accurate, thereby reducing costs and increasing genetic gains per unit of time. In addition, genotyping has allowed the explicit control of genetic diversity in selected populations with great precision. The continuing advances in tree genomics are expected to revolutionise tree breeding by moving it towards genomic-based selection, a perspective that requires new types of skills that are not always available in the institutions hosting the programmes. We therefore recognise the importance of promoting coordination and collaboration between the many groups involved in breeding. Climate change is expected to bring in new pests and diseases and increase the frequency of extreme weather events such as late frosts and prolonged droughts. Such stresses will

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“…Furthermore, insects and fungal diseases can decrease the seed yield significantly in a mast year, increasing the imbalance between the supply and demand of seeds. Cherry spruce rust is a rust disease that associates with the primary host, Norway spruce, and the alternate host, mainly bird cherry ( Prunus padus ) in Scandinavia (Kaitera et al, 2014, 2017, 2019; Kaitera, Aarnio, Ylioja,et al, 2021; Kaitera, Kauppila et al, 2021; Zhang et al, 2021). The typical symptoms of infected spruce cones are reddish‐brown to dark brown aecia that fully cover both sides of the scales (Kaitera et al, 2009a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cherry (Prunus padus) in Scandinavia (Kaitera et al, , 2017(Kaitera et al, , 2019Kaitera, Kauppila et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021). The typical symptoms of infected spruce cones are reddish-brown to dark brown aecia that fully cover both sides of the scales (Kaitera et al, 2009a).…”

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confidence: 99%

Low disease incidence and cone bagging in Picea abies are associated with low genotypic diversity in Thekopsora areolata

et al. 2022

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Thekopsora areolata infects pistillate cones of Picea spp. with monokaryotic basidiospores in the spring. Receptive monokaryotic hyphae in the cones are fertilized by monokaryotic spermatia in the summer, and dikaryotic aecia are produced in cones in late summer. Infected cones produce no fertile seeds, meaning the disease causes large reductions in seed production. To understand the seasonal variation of T. areolata genotypic diversity, 548 aecia from 55 infected cones were sampled from multiple seed orchards in 2015, 2019 and 2020. Cone bagging experiments were performed during two seasons to investigate the sexual reproduction of T. areolata. In addition to the published simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers, we developed 10 new polymorphic SSR markers to improve the resolution of population genetic analysis. Aecia were genotyped with 18 SSR markers in total. In 2015, when disease incidence was high in the seed orchards, the T. areolata populations had high genotypic diversity (H = 4.69). In 2019 and 2020, when disease incidence was low, the T. areolata populations had lower genotypic diversity (H = 3.88 and 3.85) and several cones were dominated by a single multilocus genotype. The genotypic diversity of T. areolata in a recently established seed orchard was exceptionally low (H = 2.01). Seven bagged cones that were infected produced either aecial primordia or aecia with lower diversity than exposed cones. The results indicate that cross‐fertilization is important for sexual reproduction and aecia formation of T. areolata, and genotypic diversity of T. areolata increased with higher disease prevalence.

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Assessment of the potential of Norway-spruce-seed-orchard associated plants to serve as alternate hosts of <i>Thekopsora areolata</i>

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

<i>Naohidemyces vaccinii</i> sporulates on wild species of ground flora in Finnish Norway spruce seed orchards but <i>Thekopsora areolata</i> does not on other species than <i>Prunus</i>

<i>Naohidemyces vaccinii</i> sporulates on wild species of ground flora in Finnish Norway spruce seed orchards but <i>Thekopsora areolata</i> does not on other species than <i>Prunus</i>

Prospects for evolution in European tree breeding

Low disease incidence and cone bagging in Picea abies are associated with low genotypic diversity in Thekopsora areolata

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