Assessment of the potential genotoxicity of perfluorodecanoic acid and chlorotrifluoroethylene trimer and tetramer acids

NTP Technical Report on the Toxicity Studies of Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylates (Perfluorohexanoic Acid, Perfluorooctanoic Acid, Perfluorononanoic Acid, and Perfluorodecanoic Acid) Administered by Gavage to Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) Rats

“…PFDA was also negative in the mouse lymphoma L5178Y/tk +/forward mutation assay after 24 hours of exposure at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 µg/mL in the absence of S9 mix 98 . Sister chromatid exchanges were not induced in CHO-WBL cells exposed to PFDA for 2.5 hours at concentrations ranging from 1.67 to 50 µg/mL in the absence of S9 mix or when exposed to PFDA for 2 hours at concentrations ranging from 5 to 167 µg/mL with S9 mix 89 . No significant increases in chromosomal aberrations were observed in CHO-WBL cells after 7.25 hours of exposure to concentrations of PFDA ranging from 75 to 200 µg/mL in the absence of S9 mix.…”

“…No significant increases in chromosomal aberrations were observed in CHO-WBL cells after 7.25 hours of exposure to concentrations of PFDA ranging from 75 to 200 µg/mL in the absence of S9 mix. Chromosomal aberrations were also not induced in CHO-WBL cells after 2 hours of exposure to concentrations of PFDA ranging from 10 to 100 µg/mL in the presence of S9 mix and harvested approximately 8 hours after exposure; however, chromosomal aberrations were induced after 2 hours of exposure to 151 or 201 µg/mL PFDA in the presence of S9 mix when harvested approximately 18 hours after exposure 89 .…”

“…PFOA tested at concentrations up to 500 µM/plate was negative in S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA102, and TA104 in the absence or presence of S9 mix 88 . PFDA was negative when tested in S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1537, and TA1538 at concentrations ranging from 333 to 10,000 µg/plate (without S9 mix) or 33.3 to 10,000 µg/plate (with S9 mix) 89 . PFDA was also negative when tested in S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA1537 in the presence of S9 mix at notably high concentrations of 1, 10, or 100 g/plate 90 .…”

“…Several additional studies assessed PFDA for mutagenicity and chromosomal damage in rodent cells. PFDA was not mutagenic in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)/HGPRT forward mutation assay when cells were exposed to concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.16 mg/mL in the absence of S9 mix or from 0.005 to 0.1 mg/mL in the presence of S9 mix 89 . PFDA was also negative in the mouse lymphoma L5178Y/tk +/forward mutation assay after 24 hours of exposure at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 µg/mL in the absence of S9 mix 98 .…”

Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) promotes gastric cell proliferation via sPLA2-IIA

“…The reported cellular and physiological effects of PFDA include reproductive [ 36 – 39 ], endocrine [ 35 , 40 – 42 ], and liver toxicity and disturbances of lipid metabolism [ 30 , 43 – 47 ], and the immune system [ 48 ]. Evidence of damage to genetic material included DNA strand breaks and fragmentation, chromosomal breaks, and apoptosis [ 49 , 50 ]. PFDA accumulates at much higher concentrations than PFOA in human blood and organs and serum elimination half-life can last several years.…”