Assessment of the impacts of climate change on Mediterranean terrestrial ecosystems based on data from field experiments and long-term monitored field gradients in Catalonia

Peñuelas, Josep; Sardans, Jordi; Filella, Iolanda; Estiarte, Marc; Llusià, Joan; Ogaya, Romà; Carnicer, Jofre; Bartrons, Mireia; Rivas‐Ubach, Albert; Grau, Oriol; Peguero, Guille; Margalef, Olga; Pla‐Rabès, Sergi; Stefanescu, Constantí; Asensio, Dolores; Preece, Catherine; Liu, Lei; Verger, Aleixandre; Rico, Laura; Barbeta, Adrià; Achotegui-Castells, Ander; Gargallo‐Garriga, Albert; Sperlich, Dominik; Farré‐Armengol, Gerard; Fernández‐Martínez, Marcos; Liu, Daijun; Zhang, Chao; Urbina, Ifigenia; Camino, M. C. Pérez; Vives, María; Nadal‐Sala, Daniel; Sabaté, Santiago; Gràcia, Carles; Terradas, Jaume

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2017.05.012

Cited by 111 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Water stress is expected to influence oak growth, reproduction and establishment negatively (Ogaya & Peñuelas, 2007;Peñuelas et al, 2018), and possibly to a larger extent than for the other plant types (Peñuelas et al, 2001;Garc ıa-Vald es et al, 2015;Pausas et al, 2016). Water stress is expected to influence oak growth, reproduction and establishment negatively (Ogaya & Peñuelas, 2007;Peñuelas et al, 2018), and possibly to a larger extent than for the other plant types (Peñuelas et al, 2001;Garc ıa-Vald es et al, 2015;Pausas et al, 2016).…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the Mediterranean Basin, an increase in aridity is expected, with higher temperature and more frequent and severe droughts (IPCC, 2013). Drought affects species composition directly, as water stress limits recruitment, survival and growth (Tweddle et al, 2003;G omez-Aparicio et al, 2008;Prieto et al, 2009;Moreno et al, 2011;Peñuelas et al, 2018). Drought affects species composition directly, as water stress limits recruitment, survival and growth (Tweddle et al, 2003;G omez-Aparicio et al, 2008;Prieto et al, 2009;Moreno et al, 2011;Peñuelas et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased aridity drives post‐fire recovery of Mediterranean forests towards open shrublands

et al. 2019

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Summary Recent observations suggest that repeated fires could drive Mediterranean forests to shrublands, hosting flammable vegetation that regrows quickly after fire. This feedback supposedly favours shrubland persistence and may be strengthened in the future by predicted increased aridity. An assessment was made of how fires and aridity in combination modulated the dynamics of Mediterranean ecosystems and whether the feedback could be strong enough to maintain shrubland as an alternative stable state to forest. A model was developed for vegetation dynamics, including stochastic fires and different plant fire‐responses. Parameters were calibrated using observational data from a period up to 100 yr ago, from 77 sites with and without fires in Southeast Spain and Southern France. The forest state was resilient to the separate impact of fires and increased aridity. However, water stress could convert forests into open shrublands by hampering post‐fire recovery, with a possible tipping point at intermediate aridity. Projected increases in aridity may reduce the resilience of Mediterranean forests against fires and drive post‐fire ecosystem dynamics toward open shrubland. The main effect of increased aridity is the limitation of post‐fire recovery. Including plant fire‐responses is thus fundamental when modelling the fate of Mediterranean‐type vegetation under climate‐change scenarios.

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Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased aridity drives post‐fire recovery of Mediterranean forests towards open shrublands

et al. 2019

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“…The increasing occurrence of drought in the Mediterranean region is widely reported [1][2][3] and during the last 20 years observations show that it has affected ecosystem functioning and structure [4,5], decreased plant growth [6] and primary production [7,8], and triggered vegetation mortality [9]. The increase of drought has also enhanced water scarcity [10], and elicited ecological damage [11] and crop failures [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Summer drought, one of the key constraints of Mediterranean ecosystems [4], elicits a water deficit in the leaf tissue that can down-regulate photosynthesis [13]. This reduction in photosynthesis for Mediterranean species such as Quercus ilex L. is generally caused by stomatal closure in response to drought stress [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Response of Photosynthetic Activity of Mediterranean Evergreen Oaks to Enhanced Drought Stress and Recovery by Using PRI and R690/R630

Zhang

Preece

Filella

et al. 2017

Forests

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Abstract:The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and red-edge region of the spectrum are known to be sensitive to plant physiological processes, and through measurement of these optical signals it is possible to use non-invasive remote sensing to monitor the plant photosynthetic status in response to environmental stresses such as drought. We conducted a greenhouse experiment using Quercus ilex, a Mediterranean evergreen oak species, to investigate the links between leaf-level PRI and the red-edge based reflectance ratio (R690/R630) with CO 2 assimilation rates (A), and photochemical efficiency (F V /F M and Yield) in response to a gradient of mild to extreme drought treatments (nine progressively enhanced drought levels) and corresponding recovery. PRI and R690/R630 both decreased under enhanced drought stress, and had significant correlations with A, F V /F M and Yield. The differential values between recovery and drought treatments of PRI (∆PRI recovery ) and R690/R630 (∆R690/R630 recovery ) increased with the enhanced drought levels, and significantly correlated with the increases of ∆A recovery , ∆F V /F Mrecovery and ∆Yield recovery . We concluded that both PRI and R690/R630 were not only sensitive to enhanced drought stresses, but also highly sensitive to photosynthetic recovery. Our study makes important progress for remotely monitoring the effect of drought and recovery on photosynthetic regulation using the simple physiological indices of PRI and R690/R630.

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“…Increases in climatic warming and drought projected by some global models [1,9] could profoundly affect Mediterranean ecosystems [10][11][12][13], regions highly susceptible to climate change due seasonal and diurnal photosynthetic performance. We also assessed the influences of simulated climatic warming and drought on the photosynthetic activity in a long-term experimental system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) for Detecting Responses of Diurnal and Seasonal Photosynthetic Activity to Experimental Drought and Warming in a Mediterranean Shrubland

et al. 2017

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Climatic warming and drying are having profound impacts on terrestrial carbon cycling by altering plant physiological traits and photosynthetic processes, particularly for species in the semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystems. More effective methods of remote sensing are needed to accurately assess the physiological responses and seasonal photosynthetic activities of evergreen species to climate change. We evaluated the stand reflectance in parallel to the diurnal and seasonal changes in gas exchange, fluorescence and water contents of leaves and soil for a Mediterranean evergreen shrub, Erica multiflora, submitted to long-term experimental warming and drought. We also calculated a differential photochemical reflectance index (∆PRI, morning PRI subtracted from midday PRI) to assess the diurnal responses of photosynthesis (∆A) to warming and drought. The results indicated that the PRI, but not the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), was able to assess the seasonal changes of photosynthesis. Changes in water index (WI) were consistent with seasonal foliar water content (WC). In the warming treatment, ∆A value was higher than control in winter but ∆Yield was significantly lower in both summer and autumn, demonstrating the positive effect of the warming on the photosynthesis in winter and the negative effect in summer and autumn, i.e., increased photosynthetic midday depression in summer and autumn, when temperatures were much higher than in winter. Drought treatment increased the midday depression of photosynthesis in summer. Importantly, ∆PRI was significantly correlated with ∆A both under warming and drought, indicating the applicability of ∆PRI for tracking the midday depression of photosynthetic processes. Using PRI and ∆PRI to monitor the variability in photosynthesis could provide a simple method to remotely sense photosynthetic seasonality and midday depression in response to ongoing and future environmental stresses.

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Assessment of the impacts of climate change on Mediterranean terrestrial ecosystems based on data from field experiments and long-term monitored field gradients in Catalonia

Cited by 111 publications

References 85 publications

Increased aridity drives post‐fire recovery of Mediterranean forests towards open shrublands

Increased aridity drives post‐fire recovery of Mediterranean forests towards open shrublands

Assessment of the Response of Photosynthetic Activity of Mediterranean Evergreen Oaks to Enhanced Drought Stress and Recovery by Using PRI and R690/R630

Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) for Detecting Responses of Diurnal and Seasonal Photosynthetic Activity to Experimental Drought and Warming in a Mediterranean Shrubland

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