2021
DOI: 10.1007/s10722-021-01156-x
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Abstract: Comfrey Symphytum officinale L. (true comfrey) and S. × uplandicum Nyman (a hybrid between S. asperum Lepech × S. officinale L., Russian comfrey) are used externally for the treatment of pain, inflammation and swelling of muscles and joints in degenerative arthritis, in acute myalgia, sprains, contusions and strains after accidents. Besides plant secondary compounds associated with beneficial activities (e.g. rosmarinic acid and allantoin) comfrey forms also toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA). To improve furth… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…Previously, it has only been shown that the harvest time can have a significant influence on the phytochemical composition of fresh comfrey roots. The levels of rosmarinic acid in materials collected in the first and second year of cultivation did not suffer major changes, whereas the concentration of globoidnan A decreased dramatically from one year to the other [ 2 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Previously, it has only been shown that the harvest time can have a significant influence on the phytochemical composition of fresh comfrey roots. The levels of rosmarinic acid in materials collected in the first and second year of cultivation did not suffer major changes, whereas the concentration of globoidnan A decreased dramatically from one year to the other [ 2 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Eurasian genus Symphytum (Boraginaceae) comprises around 40 perennial species, such as S. officinale L. (comfrey), S. × uplandicum Nyman (Russian comfrey), S. asperum Lepech (prickly comfrey), S. tuberosum L., S. anatolicum Boiss, S. aintabicum Hub.-Mor. & Wickens, and S. caucasicum Bieb [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. External (ointments, compresses) and internal (infusions, tinctures) preparations obtained from aerial parts ( Symphyti herba ), leaves ( Symphyti folium ), and, especially, roots ( Symphyti radix ), have been empirically used since Ancient times as traditional remedies in bruises, burns, phlebitis, tonsillitis, and respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary ailments [ 6 , 7 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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