Assessment of stigma associated with tuberculosis in Mexico

Moya, Eva M.; Biswas, Asish Kumar; Baray, Silvia M. Chávez; Martínez, Omar; Lomeli, Blanca

doi:10.5588/pha.14.0065

Cited by 27 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Similar to other studies [24,26,31,51], the current study found that the association of TB and HIV infection/AIDS increases TB stigma. Items such as 'Some people who have TB are worried about having AIDS" were rated highest.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…While these were delivered as form of treatment, the real intention was to isolate people from the rest of the population to prevent disease transmission [46]. Evidence has shown that perceived risk of transmitting TB to the healthy community members is a leading cause of stigmatization in other settings [2,14,31,[47][48][49]. The current study shows that, in an attempt to deal with the risk of infecting others, the patients avoided sharing meals and kitchen dishes, sharing a room, and having sexual relationships.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Burden of stigma among tuberculosis patients in a pastoralist community in Kenya: A mixed methods study.

Mbuthia

Nyamogoba

Chiang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Tuberculosis (TB) stigma remains a barrier to early diagnosis and treatment completion. Increased understanding of stigma is necessary for improved interventions to minimise TB stigma and its effects. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively measure TB stigma and to explore its manifestation among TB patients in a rural Kenyan community. Methods This was a hospital based study using explanatory sequential mixed methods approach. In the quantitative study, a questionnaire containing socio-demographic characteristics and scales measuring perceived TB stigma and experienced TB stigma, was administered to 208 adult pulmonary TB patients receiving treatment in West Pokot County. The qualitative data were collected through 15 in-depth interviews and 6 focus group discussions with TB patients. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was done for the quantitative data while the thematic analysis was done for qualitative data. Results The internal consistency reliability coefficients were satisfactory with Cronbach alphas of 0.87 and 0.86 for the 11-item and 12-item stigma measurement scale. The investigation revealed that TB stigma was high. TB stigma was exemplified through patients being isolated by others, self-isolation, fear to disclose TB diagnosis, association of TB with HIV and lack of social support. Being a woman was significantly associated with high levels of both experienced stigma (p = 0.007) and perceived stigma (p = 0.005) while age, marital status, occupation and the patient’s religion were not. Conclusion There is a need to implement stigma reduction interventions in order to improve TB program outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of stigma among tuberculosis patients in a pastoralist community in Kenya: A mixed methods study.

Mbuthia

Nyamogoba

Chiang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Although the rates were low, they could have affected preventive activities. Such attitudes could be due to feelings of guilt and shame [20]. Loss of job scored a low level of stigma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of stigma among pulmonary Tuberculosis patients

Rathnayake¹,

Rathnayake²,

Narasinghe³

et al. 2020

J. Postgrad. Inst. Med.

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Background Tuberculosis (TB) has long been associated with negative attitudes among people as a contagious, incurable and emaciating disorder. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of stigma towards tuberculosis, among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Chest Clinic, Matara among 116 smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Self-administered questionnaire and indepth interviews were carried out to collect data and multiple variables were analyzed. Results Of the 116 patients 62(53%) were male and 54(47%) were female. Sixty (52%) were employed. Mean age was 47.84 years and age range 12-89 years. Analysis of education level indicated that 2(1.7%) had pre-primary, 49(42.2%) primary, 48(41.4%) lower secondary level, 15(12.9%) upper secondary and two (1.8%) post-secondary education. The four categories of stigma; external stigma, internalized stigma, anticipated stigma and courtesy stigma were assessed. With regard to external stigma, 68 (58.6%) were reluctant to investigate close contacts, 10(16%) lost their jobs and in two (16%), partners refused to marry. With regard to internalized stigma, 82 (70.7%) were reluctant to obtain direct observer treatment from a person in the village and 74(64%) had had a mental setback. In anticipated stigma, 94(81%) maintained a distance when talking to others and 89 (76.7%) were reluctant to disclose their status to persons other than close family members. Conclusion This study shows stigmatization towards the disease in many aspects. Findings could be utilized to implement multidimensional stigma mitigation interventions including advocacy programs, social mobilization and individual behavioural therapy. .

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“…In addition, tuberculosis stigmatized individuals have negative impact on their self-esteem (Moya, Biswas, Chavez Baray, Martínez, & Lomeli, 2014). Disclosure of stigma can provide the opportunity to express hidden thoughts, feelings and emotions with those closest to you.…”

Section: Purpose Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%