Assessment of relationship between body mass index and periodontal status among state government employees in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh

Abstract

Background:The literature shows that an increased body mass index (BMI) may be a potential risk factor for periodontitis. Association between BMI and periodontitis has been ascribed to unhealthy dietary patterns with insufficient micronutrients and excess sugar and fat content.Aim:The present study intended to assess the relation between BMI and periodontal status among state government employees in Shimla city, Himachal Pradesh in India.Materials and Methods:The study sample comprised 1,008 subjects aged 18-58 years, drawn by a proportional sample from 10,908 employees. BMI was calculated by the Quetelet index as the ratio of the subject's body weight (in kg) to the square of the height (in meters). Periodontal status was recorded using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Binary multiple logistic regression analysis was done to assess the relation between BMI and periodontal status. The dependent variable for logistic regression analysis was categorized into control group (scores 0-2 of the CPI) and periodontitis group (scores 3 and 4 of the CPI).Results:The overall prevalence of periodontal disease was 98.9%. Score 2 (bleeding and calculus) was the highest score prevailing among the subjects. They had an increased risk of periodontitis by 56% for each 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI, which means that a higher BMI could be a potential risk factor for periodontitis among the adults aged 18 to 58 years.Conclusion:BMI evaluation could be used in the assessment of periodontal risk.

Effect of obesity on risk and severity of periodontitis: a cross-sectional study

“…The odds ratio for BMI was 1.881 (95% CI 1.050-3.371) slightly higher than a previous study where OR was 1.56 (95% CI 1.26-1.92). 26 This finding was contrary to a study in Korea by Kim et al who with multivariate analysis found no association between BMI and periodontitis with BMI ≥ 25, adjusted ratio 0.991 (95% CI 0.806-1.220) but found a significant association between abdominal obesity and periodontitis with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.358 (95% CI 1.003-1.839). 14 Associations between obesity and periodontitis were found more consistently for visceral than general adiposity, suggesting that visceral fat accumulation measurement may be more strongly associated with periodontitis more than BMI.…”

“…This data was in agreement with previous studies among the population aged 28-55 11 and among adults aged 18 to 24 years. 26 The clinical parameters of periodontitis (PD, CAL, recession and BOP) presented positive correlations with BMI (p < 0.05). This finding was in line with Zimmermann et al , a German population cohort study which also found an increased deeper periodontal pocket with higher BMI (OR = 1.6, BMI increase by 5).…”

The relationship between body mass index and periodontitis among postmenopausal women

“…Since then, several studies in adults have investigated a possible association between obesity and periodontitis [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis included 28 independent studies done by Chaffee and Weston suggested positive association between periodontal disease and obesity across diverse populations with an OR of 1.35 (95% CI 1.23-1.47) whether BMI or waist circumference was used to define obesity [20].…”

“…Based on the results of previous studies [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], we hypothesise that obese women are more likely to have periodontitis than normal weight women.…”

Association between Obesity and Periodontitis in a South Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study

“…Similar results were also observed in other studies done on Indian population. [21][22][23] In the study by Bhardwaj et al, 21 subjects had an increased risk of periodontitis by 56% for each 1 kg/m 2 increase in BMI, which means that a higher BMI could be a potential risk factor for periodontitis. Mathur et al 22 reported higher prevalence of periodontal disease in obese (88%) than in nonobese (74.4%) individuals (odds ratio = −20.4 and 95% CI 1.3-1.3).…”