Assessment of Photodynamic Destruction of
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            O157:H7 and
            <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>
            by Using ATP Bioluminescence

Romanova, Nadya; Brovko, Lubov; Moore, L. Daneo; Pometun, E. V.; Savitsky, Alexander P.; Ugarova, N. N.; Griffiths, Mansel W.

doi:10.1128/aem.69.11.6393-6398.2003

Cited by 91 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The photosensitizers used include hematoporphyrin derivatives, phenothiazines (toluidine blue and methylene blue), cyanines, phytotherapeutic agents, and phthalocyanines. 6 Phenothiazine dyes have been extensively studied and have been shown to be effective photodynamic agents for the reduction of bacteria [7][8][9][10][11][12] and fungi. [13][14][15][16] Studies investigating new photosensitizers are currently being conducted.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Photodynamic Antimicrobial Effects of Malachite Green on Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Candida

Junqueira

Ribeiro

Rossoni

et al. 2010

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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Objective: This study investigated in vitro the photodynamic antimicrobial effects of the photosensitizer malachite green on clinical strains of Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Candida. Materials and Methods: Thirtysix microbial strains isolated from the oral cavity of patients undergoing prolonged antibiotic therapy, including 12 Staphylococcus, 12 Enterobacteriaceae, and 12 Candida strains, were studied. The number of cells of each microorganism was standardized to 10 6 cells/mL. Twenty-four assays were carried out for each strain according to the following experimental conditions: gallium-aluminum-arsenide laser and photosensitizer (n ¼ 6, LþPþ), laser and physiologic solution (n ¼ 6, LþPÀ), photosensitizer (n ¼ 6, LÀPþ), and physiologic solution (n ¼ 6, LÀPÀ). Next, cultures were prepared on brain-heart infusion agar for the growth of Staphylococcus and Enterobacteriaceae, and on Sabouraud dextrose agar for the growth of Candida, and incubated for 48 h at 378C. The results are reported as the number of colony-forming units (CFU/mL) and were analyzed with analysis of variance and the Tukey test. Results: The Staphylococcus, enterobacterial, and Candida strains were sensitive to photodynamic therapy with malachite green (LþPþ). A reduction of *7 log 10 for Staphylococcus, 6 log 10 for enterobacteria, and 0.5 log 10 for the genus Candida. Significant statistical differences were observed between the LþPþ groups and the control groups (LÀPÀ). Conclusion: The Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Candida strains studied were sensitive to photodynamic therapy with malachite green.

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confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Photodynamic Antimicrobial Effects of Malachite Green on Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Candida

Junqueira

Ribeiro

Rossoni

et al. 2010

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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“…Phenothiazinium salts possess one intrinsic quaternary nitrogen atom and have been used as PSs to kill tumor cells in vitro (39) as well as to treat tumors in animal models (10). There is an increasing body of evidence for their phototoxic efficiency against a broad range of microorganisms (29,38), such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus (29), streptococci (28), Listeria monocytogenes (32), and Vibrio vulnificus (41). At present, the only PSs used clinically for antimicrobial treatments are phenothiazinium salts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenothiazinium Antimicrobial Photosensitizers Are Substrates of Bacterial Multidrug Resistance Pumps

Tegos

Hamblin

2006

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

171

138

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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines a nontoxic photoactivatable dye, or photosensitizer (PS), with harmless visible light to generate singlet oxygen and free radicals that kill microbial cells. Although the light can be focused on the diseased area, the best selectivity is achieved by choosing a PS that binds and penetrates microbial cells. Cationic phenothiazinium dyes, such as methylene blue and toluidine blue O, have been studied for many years and are the only PSs used clinically for antimicrobial PDT. Multidrug resistance pumps (MDRs) are membrane-localized proteins that pump drugs out of cells and have been identified for a wide range of organisms. We asked whether phenothiazinium salts with structures that are amphipathic cations could potentially be substrates of MDRs. We used MDR-deficient mutants of Staphylococcus aureus (NorA), Escherichia coli (TolC), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MexAB) and found 2 to 4 logs more killing than seen with wild-type strains by use of three different phenothiazinium PSs and red light. Mutants that overexpress MDRs were protected from killing compared to the wild type. Effective antimicrobial PSs of different chemical structures showed no difference in light-mediated killing depending on MDR phenotype. Differences in uptake of phenothiazinium PS by the cells depending on level of MDR expression were found. We propose that specific MDR inhibitors could be used in combination with phenothiazinium salts to enhance their photodestructive efficiency.

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“…In vitro studies using various photosensitisers have shown a complete bactericidal effect on various bacteria, including MRSA [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] . Other Gram-positive bacteria have been investigated to a lesser extent; however, they, including Propionibacterium acnes 31,32 and Listeria monocytogenes 33 , have been reported to respond equally well to PDT.…”

Section: Prophylactic Antimicrobials and Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical site infections subjected to photodynamic therapy: a potential application in orthopaedic surgery

Jerjes¹,

Tan²,

Hopper³

et al. 2012

Hard Tissue

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Introduction Photodynamic therapy, a minimally invasive oncological modality, has been in use for over 20 years. However, little clinical data is available on its non-oncological efficacy. Several laboratory-based trials on animals have suggested that this technology may be applicable as an antimicrobial therapy. In orthopaedics, where implants and metal work are placed in deep tissue planes, a potential risk of infection is treated very seriously. Infection not only increases patient morbidity and mortality but also the burden on healthcare system. Proposing a new modality that can instantly tackle this problem. This critical review discusses surgical site infections subjected to photodynamic therapy. Conclusion Surgical care should be state of the art with careful attention to strategies that avoid the development of SSIs. When SSI does occur, superficial and deep wound infections can be treated using PDT by applying topical photosensitiser to the area followed by light illumination.

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Assessment of Photodynamic Destruction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes by Using ATP Bioluminescence

Cited by 91 publications

References 12 publications

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Photodynamic Antimicrobial Effects of Malachite Green on Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Candida

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Photodynamic Antimicrobial Effects of Malachite Green on Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Candida

Phenothiazinium Antimicrobial Photosensitizers Are Substrates of Bacterial Multidrug Resistance Pumps

Surgical site infections subjected to photodynamic therapy: a potential application in orthopaedic surgery

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