Assessment of oral cytological features in smokers and nonsmokers after application of toluidine blue

Sharbatdaran, Majid; Abbaszadeh, Hamid; Siadati, Sepideh; Ranaee, Mohammad; Hajian‐Tilaki, Karimollah; Rajabi-Moghaddam, Mahdieh

doi:10.1002/dc.23706

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…All selected subjects were male volunteers between 18 and 25 years old and without any clinically visible lesion in their mouth and no history of malignant or premalignant lesions or conditions. Subjects who had smoked for at least 1 year and reported smoking at least 5 cigarettes per day were considered cigarette smokers [11]. Individuals who had smoked waterpipe for at least 1 year and reported smoking waterpipe at least once per week were considered waterpipe smokers [10, 12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the subject was asked to rinse his mouth with water, and then a piece of gauze was gently slid over the area to ensure the absence of food particles. Then, the smears were prepared with a single-use cytobrush (Cytobrush; PadtanTeb, Iran) [11]. The cytobrush was rotated 10–15 times in the selected area with a fixed and medium pressure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samples were sent to a laboratory for the staining procedure using the Papanicolaou technique (Pap stain) [11]. The smears were evaluated under a light microscope (Olympus CX21; Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) at ×400 magnification.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Genotoxic Effect in Buccal Exfoliated Cells between Cigarette and Waterpipe Smokers

et al. 2020

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Background/Aim: Cytogenetic biomarkers such as micronuclei (MN) are used for the evaluation of exposure to carcinogens and genotoxic effects in oral epithelial cells. Tobacco is one of the strongest carcinogens responsible for the development of cancer in oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to compare the genotoxic effect of waterpipe smoking with that of cigarette smoking. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 30 waterpipe smokers, 30 cigarette smokers, and 30 nonsmokers. Buccal exfoliated cells were prepared using cytobrushes and stained with the Papanicolaou technique. The cytologic slides were examined under a light microscope for counting the number of MN and the number of cells with MN per 1,000 epithelial cells. Results: The mean number ± standard deviation (SD) of MN in waterpipe smokers, cigarette smokers, and nonsmokers was 7.55 ± 5.530, 4.95 ± 5.633, and 2.00 ± 2.406, respectively. The mean number ± SD of cells with MN in waterpipe smokers, cigarette smokers, and nonsmokers was 6.20 ± 4.830, 3.50 ± 3.832, and 1.45 ± 1.701, respectively. Numbers of cells with MN differed significantly between waterpipe smokers and cigarette smokers (p = 0.04) and between waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers (p < 0.001). Numbers of MN differed significantly between waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers (p < 0.001). Numbers of MN did not differ significantly between waterpipe smokers and cigarette smokers (p = 0.10). Numbers of MN and of cells with MN did not differ significantly between cigarette smokers and nonsmokers (p = 0.06 and p = 0.052, respectively). Conclusions: Waterpipe smoking is associated with a significantly higher frequency of MN, and it seems that waterpipe smoking has a greater genotoxic effect than cigarette smoking.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Genotoxic Effect in Buccal Exfoliated Cells between Cigarette and Waterpipe Smokers

et al. 2020

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“…It has the advantages of being painless, low-cost, and easy to apply, giving fast results, and having high sensitivity. As for disadvantages, it may generate falsepositive or false-negative results and be of low and little specificity [10,27].…”

Section: Toluidine Blue Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Methods for Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer

Conceição¹,

Figueiró²,

Luiza³

2020

Oral Diseases

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Oral cancer is a public health problem because of its high morbidity and mortality, and when not treated in a timely manner, it is significantly mutilating, causing damage to the physical and psychological aspects of patients and directly interfering with their quality of life. Several factors influence the early diagnosis of this pathology, including lack of self-care related to oral health, especially among people with prolonged use of dental prosthesis; delayed perception of the lesion; delayed search for professional assistance since the lesion is noticed by the patient; lack of information about oral cancer, its risk and protective factors, and oral lesions that may be suggestive of cancer; lack of health promotion and prevention activities aimed at oral cancer; and lack of training in oral cancer among oral health professionals. These factors must be tackled to promote the timely diagnosis of this pathology. The use of reliable noninvasive diagnosis methods is also important because they can be easily made available in low resource settings, increasing the coverage of people who are under risk of developing oral cancer.

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“…The screening methods used are toluidine blue [18], VEL scope [19], bush biopsy, tissue biopsy. A brush biopsy is a painless test that collects cells from the tumor by brushing them onto a slide involves removing a piece of the tissue so it can be examined under a microscope for cancerous cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

Oral Cancer

Kennedy¹

2008

Encyclopedia of Global Health

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Epidemiological studies have provided a stronger association between tobacco use and oral cancer. The alcohol is also a significant risk factor, having a multiplicative synergistic cancer promoting effect with tobacco. Biannual dental checkups are very important to keep dentists up to date about oral health of their patients. Risk factors for developing oral cancer other than tobacco and alcohol are dental causes which act as a trigger, occupational exposure, HPV, EBV, HIV, Herpes simplex infection, as well as immunological and genetic predisposition. The screening methods used are toluidine blue, VEL scope, bush biopsy, tissue biopsy. The diagnosis is made clinically, histopathologically, and with a imaging tests. Imaging tests for oral cancer are Computed Tomography (CT) Scan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Depending on the type, location, and stage of the cancer at diagnosis, treatment for oral cancer will be very different. Treatment at early stages of oral cancers usually involves surgery to remove the tumor and cancerous lymph nodes. Radiation therapy, Chemoterapy medicines and Biological therapies could be also involved. The literature has even described attempts to treat oral cancer with gene therapy.

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Assessment of oral cytological features in smokers and nonsmokers after application of toluidine blue

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Comparison of Genotoxic Effect in Buccal Exfoliated Cells between Cigarette and Waterpipe Smokers

Comparison of Genotoxic Effect in Buccal Exfoliated Cells between Cigarette and Waterpipe Smokers

Non-Invasive Methods for Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer

Oral Cancer

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