Assessment of Lead Contamination in Peatlands Using Field Portable XRF

Shuttleworth, Emma; Evans, Martin; Hutchinson, Simon M.; Rothwell, James

doi:10.1007/s11270-013-1844-2

Cited by 44 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Peat is organic sediment formed by the decomposition of plant residues in wet and acidic conditions. Studies have shown that peat soils close to urban and industrial areas can be enriched by TEs through atmospheric deposition (Shuttleworth et al, 2014); in addition, the metal complexation capacity of organic matter makes peat an important Pb scavenger (Farmer et al, 2005;Hosseinpur and Motaghian, 2015). There have been no studies in Brazil that quantify the levels of TEs in the peat used for organic-mineral fertilizers; however, data from the international literature have shown that high concentrations of trace elements, especially Pb, can be found in peat (Mighall et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental risk of trace elements in P-containing fertilizers marketed in Brazil

Silva

Nascimento²,

Araújo

2017

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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The input of trace elements (TEs) into agricultural soils from phosphate fertilizers may compromise the sustainability of agroecosystems and pose a risk to human health. We evaluated 53 sources of P marketed in Brazil in regard to As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb concentrations in order to assess the risks associated with their application to soils. Based on the concentrations of TEs and the consumption of different sources, we estimated the amounts of TEs added annually to agricultural soils. As, Cr, Pb, and Hg concentrations did not exceed those found in fertilizers sold in other regions of the world. Phosphate rocks had Cd concentrations that were twice as high as any other source. The potential risk of Cd affecting soil quality is at least nine times higher than that of the other TEs assessed. Due to high consumption, monoammonium phosphates and single superphosphates are the main sources of TEs to Brazilian soils. In general, TEs in P-containing fertilizers sold in Brazil did not pose a high human health risk in a medium time frame. Nevertheless, intensive application of fertilizers with high concentrations of TEs requires monitoring of the TE accumulation in soils to ensure the sustainability of agroecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental risk of trace elements in P-containing fertilizers marketed in Brazil

Silva

Nascimento²,

Araújo

2017

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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“…These novel mobile equipment offer a plethora of advantages to the analyst such as real time and onsite determinations of organic and inorganic analytes in a myriad of sample matrices. [13][14][15] In case of the use of portable LIBS and EDXRF systems, the most common in situ applications involve the determination of potentially toxic metals in soil, [16][17][18][19] and analysis of samples as diverse as those of industrial, geological, archaeological and of cultural heritage interest. 18,[20][21][22][23][24][25] The appropriate analytical performance exhibited by commercially available portable XRF instruments have been recently demonstrated elsewhere 5,26 and certainly contributed to spark the interest of researchers in the proposition of in situ methods using such a mobile instrumentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ Determination of K, Ca, S and Si in Fresh Sugar Cane Leaves by Handheld Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Guerra¹,

Adame²,

Almeida³

et al. 2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was evaluated in the in situ analysis of fresh sugar cane leaves for real time plant nutrition diagnosis. Fresh leaf fragments (n = 10 sugar cane varieties; 20 fragments per leaf; 2 measurement sites per fragment) were irradiated and the averaged data from X-ray characteristic emission lines intensities (for K, Ca, S and Si Kα lines) were in close agreement with mass fraction data obtained by a validated comparative method. The linear correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.9575 for Ca to 0.9851 for Si. The obtained limits of detection were at least two-fold lower than the critical nutrient levels. Manganese can also be properly determined, but validation still requires more robust calibration models. The proposed method is a straightforward approach towards the fast evaluation of the nutritional profile of plants avoiding time-consuming steps, which involve drying, grinding, weighing, and acid digestion.Keywords: in situ analysis, portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, plant mineral analysis, sugar cane, silicon IntroductionPlant nutrition diagnosis is a well-established and reliable way for guiding the proper fertilizer recommendation contributing to the healthy growing of crops of economic importance.1 The analytical protocol most frequently applied for the determination of macro-and micronutrients in plant materials often requires an a priori test sample decomposition, usually performed by microwave-assisted acid sample dissolution, followed by determination using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). 2Some studies have focused on the use of the direct solid sampling analysis based on X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), [3][4][5] laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) [6][7][8] or laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) 9-11 for assessing the mineral nutrition profile of plants. The most common way of sample presentation by using the aforementioned direct analysis methods involves the interrogation of a previously ground plant material in a pellet form.6,9 A promising trend of research is the direct analysis of the dried plant leaf without the need for grinding or pelletizing steps.12 On this subject, both LIBS and energy dispersive XRF (EDXRF) have been used.The increasing advances in the field of portable instrumentation has expanded the application of this emerging technology. Such a fast development is due to improvements in digital electronics and in the development of miniaturized sensors and other crucial components. These novel mobile equipment offer a plethora of advantages to the analyst such as real time and onsite determinations of organic and inorganic analytes in a myriad of sample matrices. [13][14][15] In case of the use of portable LIBS and EDXRF systems, the most common Guerra et al. 1087 Vol. 29, No. 5, 2018 in situ applications involve the determination of potentially toxic metals in soil, [16][17][18][19] and analysis of samples as diverse as those o...

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“…Fe, Cu, Mn, Pb, Rb, Sr, and Zn showed the lowest σ values (ranging from 0.87 to 0.99), and Ba, Cr, and Sn the highest values (1.41, 1.28 and 1.03, respectively). Shuttleworth et al (2014) assessed Pb in contaminated Histosols, comparing acid digestion method (US EPA 3051a) followed by inductively couple plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to pXRF analysis (in-situ and ex-situ). The authors found a significant difference between wet and dry samples on their results.…”

Section: Effect Of Water Content On Elemental Concentration Obtained mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elements with atomic number (Z) < 26 seem to be more influenced (Ge et al, 2005;Weindorf et al, 2014). However, Zr (Z = 40) and Pb (Z = 82) were also influenced by water content (Hürkamp et al, 2009;Shuttleworth et al, 2014;Hangen;Vieten, 2016). In some Brazilian soil samples the elements Si (Z = 14) and Al (Z = 13) were much more influenced by moisture than Ti (Z = 22) and Fe (Z = 26) (Ribeiro et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental concentration via portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometry: Assessing the impact of water content

et al. 2019

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Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analysis can be considered one of the main recent advances for chemical characterization of earth materials. The water content of the samples can affect the pXRF performance. As a novelty, we aimed to establish relationships (linear regression) between the effect of water content on pXRF results and atomic number (Z) of the elements. Three certified reference materials (CRM) were investigated: OREAS 100a, OREAS 101a, and OREAS 101b. These materials were saturated (0.68 g g-1) with distilled water and left to air-dry naturally. During the drying, the elemental concentrations (C) were determined at different water contents using a pXRF spectrometer. For each water content, the ratio Cwet/Cdry was determined and plotted against the water content. The attenuation coefficient (σ) was also determined. High σ values mean more influence of water content upon measurement element concentration. The obtained recovery rates allowed a qualitative determination. The concentration for the most elements reduced linearly with increasing water content. A predictable behavior of the water content on pXRF results as function of atomic number was not found. Elements identified by Lα spectral line with highest Z were more impacted by water content than elements identified by Kα line with lowest Z. Ti, Cr and Fe was not significantly influenced by water content, and Sr was the most impacted. Our findings contribute to decision-making before characterization earth materials via pXRF, obliging the use of dry samples for determination of impacted elements or by using moisture-corrected data.

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Assessment of Lead Contamination in Peatlands Using Field Portable XRF

Cited by 44 publications

References 63 publications

Environmental risk of trace elements in P-containing fertilizers marketed in Brazil

Environmental risk of trace elements in P-containing fertilizers marketed in Brazil

In situ Determination of K, Ca, S and Si in Fresh Sugar Cane Leaves by Handheld Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Elemental concentration via portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometry: Assessing the impact of water content

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