Assessment of factors that influence carbon storage: An important ecosystem service provided by mangrove forests

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystem services (ES) support the global carbon (C) cycle. This study aimed to assess factors affecting the loss or gain of C stocks in mangrove forests in Thailand. Two fundamental considerations were taken into account, including ES supplied by mangroves from the perspective of C stocks, and the potential for C loss resulting from human activities conducted in mangrove forests. Three different land-use types in mangrove forests were studied: an area encroached upon by the local population (L1), a conservation area (L2), (both of which were dominated by the mangrove species Avicennia alba ), and a seaside area. Based on their average height and diameter at breast height (DBH), most of the mangrove trees were determined to be young. The highest importance value index (IVI) was seen for A. alba , at 224.73 (L1) and 213.79 (L2). Above- and below-ground C levels were 189.97 t-Cha −1 , 77.11 t-Cha −1 in L1 and 81.73 t-Cha −1 , 32.54 t-Cha −1 in L2. Soil C stocks were 60.95 t-Cha −1 (L1) and 43.71 t-Cha −1 (L2). Statistical analysis indicated that nitrogen was the crucial factor influencing soil C in both L1 and L2. Overall, the total mangrove C stocks in L1 were estimated to be 328.64 t-Cha −1 , which surprisingly was higher than in L2, at 290.34 t-Cha −1 . The potential change in C stocks was then assessed. This showed that demand for mangrove resources resulted in the permanent loss of C stocks, particularly within plant communities, as the major fraction of C was from above-ground C stores. The loss of 1 ha of mangrove vegetation was estimated to result in the loss of 77.71–189.97 t-C/ha −1 and 32.54–81.73 t-Cha −1 in L1 and L2, respectively. Different approaches to mangrove management based on the differing supply and demand for ES are recommended.

Carbon stock at several types of mangrove ecosystems in Bregasmalang, Central Java, Indonesia

“…In addition, Kauffman and Bhomia (2017) attributed this difference to environmental variability. According to Swangjang and Panishkan (2021), mangrove structure, land use, and soil properties are basic factors that affect carbon stocks. Species distribution also plays an important role in carbon stocks in mangrove ecosystems.…”

Identification of the pest outbreak in the coastal mangrove ecosystem of Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…Mangrove forests are dynamic intertidal ecosystems generally confined to the tropical and subtropical zones along the coastline areas (Zhang et al 2021). This type of forest is discovered at the latitudes of 30o N and 30o S (Teka et al 2019;Swangjang and Panishkan 2021). They have been reportedly found in excess of 100 countries on five different continents (Hamilton and Casey 2016).…”

Carbon Sequestration of Above Ground Biomass Approach in the Rehabilitated Mangrove Stand at Jepara Regency, Central Java, Indonesia

“…Meanwhile, S. alba provides an abundant sequence source for future genetic diversity, salt adaptability (Chen et al, 2011), and short fruiting time patterns with respect to seasons (Wang'ondu et al, 2013). Furthermore, mangrove can support a carbon sequestration depending on sediment stability (van Bijsterveldt et al, 2020), an environmental condition (Chatting et al, 2020;Swangjang and Panishkan, 2021), the organic carbon (Kusumaningtyas et al, 2019;Gao et al, 2019) and mangrove planting (Monga et al, 2022). Mangrove management practices are also needed to support sustainable carbon sequestration dynamic (Hanggara et al, 2021).…”