Assessment of contact sensitivity of four thiourea rubber accelerators: Comparison of two mouse lymph node assays with the guinea pig maximization test

Investigation of diethylthiourea and ethyl isothiocyanate as potent skin allergens in chloroprene rubber

“…Previous studies of the sensitization potential of thiourea compounds have shown that they generally show low skin penetration . In sensitization experiments in which DETU was administered topically, a negative result was obtained; however, when it was administered intradermally, the result was positive . These results could explain the low or moderate sensitization potential of thiourea compounds; however they do not explain the strong eczematous reactions observed in case reports of allergic contact dermatitis caused by chloroprene products.…”

“…These compounds are considered to be structurally dissimilar, however, EITC can be formed by the degradation of both compounds. Previous studies of the sensitization potential of thiourea compounds have shown that they generally show low skin penetration . In sensitization experiments in which DETU was administered topically, a negative result was obtained; however, when it was administered intradermally, the result was positive .…”

Investigation of diethylthiourea and ethyl isothiocyanate as potent skin allergens in chloroprene rubber

“…Previous studies of the sensitization potential of thiourea compounds have shown that they generally show low skin penetration . In sensitization experiments in which DETU was administered topically, a negative result was obtained; however, when it was administered intradermally, the result was positive . These results could explain the low or moderate sensitization potential of thiourea compounds; however they do not explain the strong eczematous reactions observed in case reports of allergic contact dermatitis caused by chloroprene products.…”

“…These compounds are considered to be structurally dissimilar, however, EITC can be formed by the degradation of both compounds. Previous studies of the sensitization potential of thiourea compounds have shown that they generally show low skin penetration . In sensitization experiments in which DETU was administered topically, a negative result was obtained; however, when it was administered intradermally, the result was positive .…”

The Regulatory Evaluation of the Skin Effects of Pesticides

“…The lowest sensitizing concentration can be estimated from a limited number of test concentrations by employment of appropriate regression models (van Och et al, 2000). The results compare favorably to the more cumbersome 3to 7-week-long in vivo assays (Ikarashi et al, 1994), but a limited number of pesticide manufacturers have submitted LLNA data for purposes of pesticide registration. The vast majority of studies submitted to satisfy regulatory dermal sensitization data requirements have utilized the epicutaneous (Buehler) method.…”

Diphenylthiourea, a Common Rubber Chemical, Is Bioactivated to Potent Skin Sensitizers

“…The murine LLNA is the method of choice according to the OECD Guidelines for predictive testing of the sensitizing capacity of compounds . However, it has been shown to give false negative results when testing thioureas , . Despite in previous attempts to provide a more sensitive LLNA, we tried an alternative vehicle and used saturated solutions as the highest test concentrations for DPTU and DPU.…”

Investigation of diethylthiourea and ethyl isothiocyanate as potent skin allergens in chloroprene rubber

“…Previous studies of the sensitization potential of thiourea compounds have shown that they generally show low skin penetration . In sensitization experiments in which DETU was administered topically, a negative result was obtained; however, when it was administered intradermally, the result was positive . These results could explain the low or moderate sensitization potential of thiourea compounds; however they do not explain the strong eczematous reactions observed in case reports of allergic contact dermatitis caused by chloroprene products.…”

“…These compounds are considered to be structurally dissimilar, however, EITC can be formed by the degradation of both compounds. Previous studies of the sensitization potential of thiourea compounds have shown that they generally show low skin penetration . In sensitization experiments in which DETU was administered topically, a negative result was obtained; however, when it was administered intradermally, the result was positive .…”

The Regulatory Evaluation of the Skin Effects of Pesticides

“…The lowest sensitizing concentration can be estimated from a limited number of test concentrations by employment of appropriate regression models (van Och et al, 2000). The results compare favorably to the more cumbersome 3to 7-week-long in vivo assays (Ikarashi et al, 1994), but a limited number of pesticide manufacturers have submitted LLNA data for purposes of pesticide registration. The vast majority of studies submitted to satisfy regulatory dermal sensitization data requirements have utilized the epicutaneous (Buehler) method.…”

Diphenylthiourea, a Common Rubber Chemical, Is Bioactivated to Potent Skin Sensitizers

“…The murine LLNA is the method of choice according to the OECD Guidelines for predictive testing of the sensitizing capacity of compounds . However, it has been shown to give false negative results when testing thioureas , . Despite in previous attempts to provide a more sensitive LLNA, we tried an alternative vehicle and used saturated solutions as the highest test concentrations for DPTU and DPU.…”

Investigation of diethylthiourea and ethyl isothiocyanate as potent skin allergens in chloroprene rubber

“…Previous studies of the sensitization potential of thiourea compounds have shown that they generally show low skin penetration . In sensitization experiments in which DETU was administered topically, a negative result was obtained; however, when it was administered intradermally, the result was positive . These results could explain the low or moderate sensitization potential of thiourea compounds; however they do not explain the strong eczematous reactions observed in case reports of allergic contact dermatitis caused by chloroprene products.…”

“…These compounds are considered to be structurally dissimilar, however, EITC can be formed by the degradation of both compounds. Previous studies of the sensitization potential of thiourea compounds have shown that they generally show low skin penetration . In sensitization experiments in which DETU was administered topically, a negative result was obtained; however, when it was administered intradermally, the result was positive .…”

The Regulatory Evaluation of the Skin Effects of Pesticides

“…The lowest sensitizing concentration can be estimated from a limited number of test concentrations by employment of appropriate regression models (van Och et al, 2000). The results compare favorably to the more cumbersome 3to 7-week-long in vivo assays (Ikarashi et al, 1994), but a limited number of pesticide manufacturers have submitted LLNA data for purposes of pesticide registration. The vast majority of studies submitted to satisfy regulatory dermal sensitization data requirements have utilized the epicutaneous (Buehler) method.…”

Diphenylthiourea, a Common Rubber Chemical, Is Bioactivated to Potent Skin Sensitizers

“…The murine LLNA is the method of choice according to the OECD Guidelines for predictive testing of the sensitizing capacity of compounds . However, it has been shown to give false negative results when testing thioureas , . Despite in previous attempts to provide a more sensitive LLNA, we tried an alternative vehicle and used saturated solutions as the highest test concentrations for DPTU and DPU.…”