Assessment of children’s exposure to currently used pesticides in wallonia, Belgium

Abstract

In spring 2016, a study was carried out to characterize currently used pesticide (CUP) exposure among children living in Wallonia (Belgium). Pesticides were measured in both first morning urine voids of 258 children aged from 9 to 12 years and in ambient air collected close to the children's schools. Out of the 46 pesticides measured in the air, 19 were detected with frequencies varying between 11 % and 100 %, and mean levels ranging from < 0.04 to 2.37 ng/m³. Only 3 parent pesticides were found in 1-10% of the urine samples, while all the metabolites analyzed were positively detected at least once. The captan metabolite (THPI) was quantified in 23.5 % of the samples, while 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (chlopryrifos metabolite) was detected in all urines with levels ranging from 0.36-38.96 μg/l. 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (t-DCCA) and diethylphosphate were the most abundant pyrethroid metabolites and dialkylphosphate measured. The air inhalation was demonstrated to be a minor route of exposure for the selected CUPs. Statistical regressions highlighted predictors of exposure for some pesticides such like consumption of grey bread, presence of carpets at home or indoor use of pesticides, although no clear source was identified for most of them.

Year-round pesticide contamination of public sites near intensively managed agricultural areas in South Tyrol

“…Exposure of pregnant women and children to endocrine active pesticides-as were detected in our grass samples-and/or their metabolites have been described in several publications. For example, di-ethyl phosphate and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, both metabolites of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, were detected in urine samples from children [73] and hair samples from pregnant women [74,75], as well as cypermethrin, cyprodinil, difenoconazole, imidacloprid, oxadiazon, penconazole, propiconazole, pyraclostrobin, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, thiacloprid and zoxamid [74,76]. Many of the EDCs are fungicides-in this study 75%-which is also the most prevalent group of detected residues in the current sites.…”

Non-Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Experimental Approaches and Analytical Techniques (from 2019)

“…Subsequently, pesticides extracted from air samples were detected by LC–MS/MS and GC–MS. Specifically, Pirard et al [ 63 ] split the final extract into two fractions for LC and GC analysis, in order to separate and detect volatile compounds more efficiently. In LC–MS/MS, the instruments operated in MRM mode with ESI + (Pirard et al [ 63 ] also worked in the negative ion mode).…”

“…Specifically, Pirard et al [ 63 ] split the final extract into two fractions for LC and GC analysis, in order to separate and detect volatile compounds more efficiently. In LC–MS/MS, the instruments operated in MRM mode with ESI + (Pirard et al [ 63 ] also worked in the negative ion mode). In GC–MS/MS analysis, the mass spectrometer operated with electron ionization (EI) or negative chemical ionization (NCI).…”

Bio-surveillance of environmental pollutants in the population of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): A small pilot study

“…After evaporation and reconstitution in vial, the sample was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. [15]. Brie y, urinary sample, quality control sample, and standard calibration sample were extracted with diethyl ether.…”

“…Five dialkylphosphates (DAPs) (nonspeci c metabolites of organophosphate pesticides) (namely dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP), diethylphosphate (DEP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP) and diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP)) were quanti ed in urine samples according to the methodology described in Pirard et al, 2020 [15]. In summary, urine sample, quality control sample, and standard calibration sample were extracted on solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge.…”