Assessment of biomass energy potential for SRC willow woodchips in a pilot scale bubbling fluidized bed gasifier

Hai, Irfan Ul; Sher, Farooq; Yaqoob, Aqsa; Liu, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116143

Cited by 71 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The ultimate analysis was carried out in order to determine the elemental composition of the biomass (C, H, N, S and O contents), using a ThermoFisher Scientific Flash 2000 CHNS-O Analyzer. (See Table 1) [39]. The thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine the content of moisture, volatile matter and fixed carbon combined with ash [40].…”

Section: Ultimate Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Combustion of Waste Tires and Plastic-Rubber Wastes with Biomass Technical and Environmental Analysis

et al. 2020

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The present work studies the possibility of energy recovery by thermal conversion of combustible residual materials, namely tires and rubber-plastic, plastic waste from outdoor luminaires. The waste has great potential for energy recovery (HHV: 38.6 MJ/kg for tires and 31.6 MJ/kg for plastic). Considering the thermal conversion difficulties of these residues, four co-combustion tests with mixtures of tires/plastics + pelletized Miscanthus, and an additional test with 100% Miscanthus were performed. The temperature was increased to the maximum allowed by the equipment, about 500 °C. The water temperature at the boiler outlet and the water flow were controlled (60 °C and 11 L/min). Different mixtures of residues (0–60% tires/plastics) were tested and compared in terms of power and gaseous emissions. Results indicate that energy production increased with the increase of tire residue in the mixture, reaching a maximum of 157 kW for 40% of miscanthus and 60% of tires. However, the automatic feeding difficulties of the boiler also increased, requiring constant operator intervention. As for plastic and rubber waste, fuel consumption generally decreased with increasing percentages of these materials in the blend, with temperatures ranging from 383 °C to 411 °C. Power also decreased by including such wastes (66–100 kW) due to feeding difficulties and cinder-fusing problems related to ash melting. From the study, it can be concluded that co-combustion is a suitable technology for the recovery of waste tires, but operational problems arise with high levels of residues in the mixture. Increasing pollutant emissions and the need for pre-treatments are other limiting factors. In this sense, the thermal gasification process was tested with the same residues and the same percentages of mixtures used in the co-combustion tests. The gasification tests were performed in a downdraft reactor at temperatures above 800 °C. Each test started with 100% acacia chip for reference (like the previous miscanthus), and then with mixtures of 0–60% of tires and blends of plastics and rubbers. Results obtained for the two residues demonstrated the viability of the technology, however, with mixtures higher than 40% it was very difficult to develop a process under stable conditions. The optimum condition for producing a synthesis gas with a substantial heating value occurred with mixtures of 20% of polymeric wastes, which resulted in gases with a calorific value of 3.64 MJ/Nm3 for tires and 3.09 MJ/Nm3 for plastics and rubbers.

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Section: Ultimate Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Combustion of Waste Tires and Plastic-Rubber Wastes with Biomass Technical and Environmental Analysis

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, high molecular mass hydrocarbons are produced. They are considered as tars and char, a solid residue, which is considered mainly as carbon [13,14]. In the oxidation stage, oxygen of the gasification medium reacts with the combustible products of pyrolysis, resulting in the formation of CO 2 and H 2 O [10].…”

Section: Gasification Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the endothermic nature of the reduction stage, its temperature is significantly lowered. The final product of the gasification process is the synthesis gas (or syngas), which is a mixture of CO, CO 2 , H 2 and CH 4 [14]. The main reactions taking place in the gasifier are presented in Table 7.…”

Section: Gasification Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrating LCA with Process Modeling for the Energetic and Environmental Assessment of a CHP Biomass Gasification Plant: A Case Study in Thessaly, Greece

Voultsos

Katsourinis

Giannopoulos

et al. 2020

Eng

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The energetic and environmental performance of a cogeneration biomass gasification plant, situated in Thessaly, Greece is evaluated via a methodology combining process simulation and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Initially, the gasification process of the most common agricultural residues found in the Thessaly region is simulated to establish the effect of technical parameters such as gasification temperature, equivalence ratio and raw biomass moisture content. It is shown that a maximum gasification efficiency of approximately 70% can be reached for all feedstock types. Lower efficiency values are associated with increased raw biomass moisture content. Next, the gasifier model is up-scaled, achieving the operation of a 1 MWel and 2.25 MWth cogeneration plant. The Life Cycle Assessment of the operation of the cogeneration unit is conducted using as input the performance data from the process simulation. Global Warming Potential and the Cumulative Demand of Non-Renewable Fossil Energy results suggest that the component which had the major share in both impact categories is the self-consumption of electricity of the plant. Finally, the key conclusion of the present study is the quantification of carbon dioxide mitigation and non-renewable energy savings by comparing the biomass cogeneration unit operation with conventional reference cases.

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“…That is why alternative fuels are sought. Technologies for fluidized-bed fuel combustion are also useful in the case of alternative fuels (for instance, biomass), which may cover part of the demand on fossil fuels [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Modifiers and Method of Application on Fine-Coal Combustion

Tic

Guziałowska-Tic

2019

Energies

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This research work presents the results of studies on the effect of modifiers comprising the salts CuSO 4 ·2H 2 O, NaCl, NH 4 Cl, MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, CaCl 2 , and urea at various concentrations on the combustion of fine coal. The tests were carried out in a 12-kW laboratory boiler equipped with a rotary-grate retort furnace. The emission levels and concentrations of CO, CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , and TOC in the flue gas were measured using analyzers. A modifier composed of 350 ppm Cu, Na, Mg, NH 4 + , Ca, and urea showed particularly high activity in the combustion of fine coal. The flue-gas levels of CO, NO x , and SO 2 were reduced by approximately 9%, 12%, and 10%, respectively, in comparison with the modifier-free sample. In this case, the boiler efficiency also increased from 65% in the tests with no modifier to 76% in the tests with the modifier. The proprietary application system, enabling the modifier to be added in exact amounts to the variable flow of fine coal, is also described. It was found that the use of the modifier in coal combustion tests results in lower emissions of harmful fuel components, a higher amount of heat obtained from the fuel unit mass, lower corrosive impact of the fuels, lower boiler maintenance costs, and extended service life.Energies 2019, 12, 4572 2 of 15In Poland, even as much as 80% of electric energy is still based on coal, including brown coal [10]. Looking at the latest investments in the power engineering industry in Poland, such as new power units in power plants, as well as the national energy policy, it seems that coal will continue to be the essential raw material in the generation of electric energy in Poland [10,11].The growing mechanization of coal mining leads to an increased efficiency of the production of fine coal (grain size 0-20 mm). Small coal has a high content of sulfur; therefore, its direct combustion is a serious source of environmental pollution. Reasonable utilization of fine coal is important for sustained development in power engineering [12].Direct coal combustion is a commonly used technology in the production of electric and thermal energy. There are essentially two coal combustion techniques: Bed combustion and suspension combustion. According to the former technique, coal is fed onto a fire grate and the combustion type depends on the directions of flow of the fuel and of the air. This type of combustion takes place in a stoker. The latter type, taking place in a fluidized bed, is a process in which suitably prepared solid particles are suspended in a uniformly distributed upward flow of the fluid. These are high efficiency devices, capable of attaining heating capacities as high as 135 tons of steam per hour [13].Stoker furnaces are the oldest and the most commonly used devices for industrial coal bed combustion. In these devices, crushed coal (typically, 95% particles below 32 mm and 20% to 60% below 6 mm) is fed onto the stoker where primary air flows upward through the coal bed. The crushed coal pieces are heated, dried, degassed, and combusted, lea...

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Assessment of biomass energy potential for SRC willow woodchips in a pilot scale bubbling fluidized bed gasifier

Cited by 71 publications

References 61 publications

Co-Combustion of Waste Tires and Plastic-Rubber Wastes with Biomass Technical and Environmental Analysis

Co-Combustion of Waste Tires and Plastic-Rubber Wastes with Biomass Technical and Environmental Analysis

Integrating LCA with Process Modeling for the Energetic and Environmental Assessment of a CHP Biomass Gasification Plant: A Case Study in Thessaly, Greece

The Effect of Modifiers and Method of Application on Fine-Coal Combustion

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