Assessment and Forecasting of Electric Load Demand of Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University

Transformer plays a vital part in the process of utilization of electricity. In power distribution, the most widely used equipment is the distribution transformer (DT) and function to transform the primary voltage of 13200 volts to the utilization level voltage of 230 volts. In a distribution system, transformers are installed serving commercial, industrial, irrigation, street lights and residential consumers. Distribution transformers were classified as sole-used and commonly-used distribution transformers. The study focuses on assessing the commonly-used distribution transformer of Feeder 21 of Pampanga Distribution Utility. Microsoft Excel 2013 was used to evaluate the percent loading, core and copper losses of each DT's installed in the feeder. The DTs were classified according to their percent loading: Overloaded Above 71%, Normal Loaded 40% to 70%, and Under Loaded Below 40%. From the data from 2017-2018, 104 units commonly-used DT's were installed in the feeder. From the results obtained, 30 units were overloaded distribution transformers while 31 units were under loaded distribution transformers. Out of 104 distribution transformers 61 of which are not in the normal loading conditions. The total Core loss in MWh of the distribution transformer in under loaded and overloaded conditions were 34.37 and 38.04, while the copper loss in under loaded and overloaded conditions was 7.46 MWh and 199.76 MWh respectively. The study also shows the implication if the percent loading was maintained to 70%, 110.21MWh will be saved by the electric utility. The researchers find that there is a need in uprating or downrating of transformer and quantifying the consumer connected in each distribution transformers for proper transformer loading may be considered by the Distribution Utility.

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Loading Assessment of Commonly Used Transformers for Feeder 21 of Pampanga Distribution Utility

Jr,

Santos,

Tolentino

et al. 2019

kWh Demand Assessment and Forecasting of a Low Voltage Private Academic Institution

Antonio

Buendia

Narca

et al. 2021

Transformer is one of the crucial components in an electrical system. They are used to convert energy to a utilization level. Load allocation is vital to sustaining the needed energy demand for a growing population, and it is an essential consideration for continuous consumer connectivity of electricity. In this study, the researchers are conducting assessment and forecast of the transformer requirement for a Low Voltage Private Academic Institution. It assessed the kWh demands and kWh allocation from 2005 to 2019 of the three transformers used of the locale. The kWh demand was used to forecast the per semiannual for the next five years. Six forecasted models were applied and the result were verified by QM for Windows Version 5. Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) were used to select the best forecasting model with the least value. DT (Distribution Transformer) 1 used the 4th degree polynomial model because of the least value of MAE, MSE and MAPE of 5340.626, 42306100 and 17.12%, while DT 2 and DT 3 applied the 3 rd degree polynomial model though it has the second lowest value of MAE, MSE and MAPE of 3142.907, 16748570, 20.44% and 2576.398, 8740315, 11.21% respectively because the projected demand of the 4th degree gave a negative value.. The researcher finds that DT 1 and 3 were starting to exceeds the allotted kWh. On the other hand, DT 2 and 4 were plenty of kWh allocation. Relocation of load from DT 1 and 3 to DT 2 may take for considerations by the institution.

kWh Demand Assessment and Forecasting of a Low Voltage Private Academic Institution

Antonio

Buendia

Narca

et al. 2021