Assessing the public health impacts of urban air pollution in 25 European cities: Results of the Aphekom project

Pascal, Mathilde; Corso, Magali; Chanel, Olivier; Declercq, Christophe; Badaloní, Chiara; Cesaroni, Giulia; Henschel, Susann; Meister, Kadri; Haluza, Daniela; Martín‐Olmedo, Piedad; Médina, Sylvia

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.077

Cited by 368 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The International Agency for Research on Cancer recently classified outdoor air pollution as a "leading environmental cause of cancer deaths" (Loomis et al, 2013) while new findings reveal that living near busy roads substantially increases the total burden of disease attributable to air pollution (Pascal et al, 2013). Research on future projections of air-quality should be addressed primarily at such scale especially given the fact that the efforts to mitigate air-pollution are more intense in areas where the largest health benefits are observed .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate-forced air-quality modeling at the urban scale: sensitivity to model resolution, emissions and meteorology

Markakis

Valari

Perrussel³

et al. 2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. While previous research helped to identify and prioritize the sources of error in air-quality modeling due to anthropogenic emissions and spatial scale effects, our knowledge is limited on how these uncertainties affect climateforced air-quality assessments. Using as reference a 10-year model simulation over the greater Paris (France) area at 4 km resolution and anthropogenic emissions from a 1 km resolution bottom-up inventory, through several tests we estimate the sensitivity of modeled ozone and PM 2.5 concentrations to different potentially influential factors with a particular interest over the urban areas. These factors include the model horizontal and vertical resolution, the meteorological input from a climate model and its resolution, the use of a top-down emission inventory, the resolution of the emissions input and the post-processing coefficients used to derive the temporal, vertical and chemical split of emissions. We show that urban ozone displays moderate sensitivity to the resolution of emissions (∼ 8 %), the post-processing method (6.5 %) and the horizontal resolution of the air-quality model (∼ 5 %), while annual PM 2.5 levels are particularly sensitive to changes in their primary emissions (∼ 32 %) and the resolution of the emission inventory (∼ 24 %). The air-quality model horizontal and vertical resolution have little effect on model predictions for the specific study domain. In the case of modeled ozone concentrations, the implementation of refined input data results in a consistent decrease (from 2.5 up to 8.3 %), mainly due to inhibition of the titration rate by nitrogen oxides. Such consistency is not observed for PM 2.5 . In contrast this consistency is not observed for PM 2.5 . In addition we use the results of these sensitivities to explain and quantify the discrepancy between a coarse (∼ 50 km) and a fine (4 km) resolution simulation over the urban area. We show that the ozone bias of the coarse run (+9 ppb) is reduced by ∼ 40 % by adopting a higher resolution emission inventory, by 25 % by using a post-processing technique based on the local inventory (same improvement is obtained by increasing model horizontal resolution) and by 10 % by adopting the annual emission totals of the local inventory. The bias of PM 2.5 concentrations follows a more complex pattern, with the positive values associated with the coarse run (+3.6 µg m −3 ), increasing or decreasing depending on the type of the refinement. We conclude that in the case of fine particles, the coarse simulation cannot selectively incorporate local-scale features in order to reduce its error.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate-forced air-quality modeling at the urban scale: sensitivity to model resolution, emissions and meteorology

Markakis

Valari

Perrussel³

et al. 2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In addition to generating reliable results, this study developed a common and standardized methodology that has been used in a generalized manner throughout Europe. More recently, attention has be drawn to the APHEKOM (Improving Knowledge and Communication for Decision Making on Air Pollution and Health in Europe) project that studies the consequences of air pollution on human health in 25 European cities (Pascal et al, 2013). The APHEKOM project is the continuation of another, called APHEIS Project (Air Pollution and Health, A European Information System), that was implemented in 1999.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fine particles on children’s hospital admissions for respiratory health in Seville, Spain

Gil-Delgado

Román

Limón

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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This study analyzes the influence of fine particles PM 2.5 on nonprogrammed children's hospital admissions that occurred in the city of Seville between 2007 and 2011, and makes an economic assessment of the cost of the children's hospital admissions for respiratory causes due to particle pollution. The PM 2.5 dose-response functions for each type of hospital admission were used to quantify the cost of the hospital admissions. It can be concluded that the PM 2.5 concentrations have negative effects on bronchiolitis, pneumonia, asthma, and bronchitis and other causes. A reduction of the daily average annual PM 2.5 concentration from the existing levels to 10 µg/m 3 would show an annual average reduction of children's hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases of 0.09 cases. This paper shows that the daily average cost for children hospital admissions due to respiratory reasons in the city of Seville, associated with daily average annual levels of PM 2.5 above 10 µg/m 3 , was almost 200€.Implications: Elevated PM 2.5 concentrations in Seville have negative effects on children's bronchiolitis, pneumonia, asthma, and bronchitis and other causes. A reduction of the daily average annual PM 2.5 concentration from the existing levels to 10 μg/m 3 would suppose an annual mean reduction of children's hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases of 0.09 cases.

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“…In the Aphekom project, the paper [4] pointed out that a reduction in APs would bring significant health and currency benefits to Europe. Recently, more and more researchers have paid attention to air quality forecasting (AQF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air quality forecasting based on cloud model granulation

Lin

Zhao

et al. 2018

J Wireless Com Network

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This paper proposes a novel algorithm based on cloud model granulation (CMG) for air quality forecasting. Through data exploration of three different types of monitoring localities in Wuhan City, the determinative pollutants were reduced to NO 2 , PM 10 , O 3 , and PM 25 for modeling. After iterative granulation of original time series, the concepts of cloud model were extracted for each granule from original data space to feature space. Then, the cloud model features of future granules were predicted in the new feature space. Finally, the value in the feature space is transformed into the solution in the concept space. In addition, this paper uses the grid search to optimize the parameters in all experiments. Compare with several machine learning approaches, considering the mean squared error, the results on composition model and direct model shows that the proposed algorithm has better in predicting both individual air quality index and air quality index. At ZKX locality, the CMG algorithm can achieve high accuracy 71.43% for prediction of air quality index class. The results show that this algorithm not only can simplify the modeling process of uncertain time series in the form of knowledge abstraction, but also has good prediction performance in IAQI and AQI.

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Assessing the public health impacts of urban air pollution in 25 European cities: Results of the Aphekom project

Cited by 368 publications

References 35 publications

Climate-forced air-quality modeling at the urban scale: sensitivity to model resolution, emissions and meteorology

Climate-forced air-quality modeling at the urban scale: sensitivity to model resolution, emissions and meteorology

Effects of fine particles on children’s hospital admissions for respiratory health in Seville, Spain

Air quality forecasting based on cloud model granulation

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