Assessing the overlap between tobacco and marijuana: Trends in patterns of co-use of tobacco and marijuana in adults from 2003–2012

Schauer, Gillian L.; Berg, Carla J.; Kegler, Michelle C.; Donovan, Dennis M.; Windle, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.05.012

Cited by 207 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Adult marijuana users have been shown to have a significantly higher prevalence of tobacco use than non-users (Agrawal, Budney, & Lynskey, 2012; Ramo, Liu, & Prochaska, 2012; Richter et al, 2004; Schauer, Berg, Kegler, Donovan, & Windle, 2015); a recent review noted that between 41% and 94% of adult marijuana users also consume tobacco (Peters, Budney, & Carroll, 2012). The term “co-use” has been used to refer to dual use (i.e., use of tobacco and marijuana by the same person) and concurrent use (i.e., use at the same time).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasons for Marijuana and Tobacco Co-use Among Young Adults: A Mixed Methods Scale Development Study

Berg

Payne

Henriksen

et al. 2017

Substance Use & Misuse

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Background Marijuana-tobacco co-use has increased recently, particularly in young adults. Objectives We conducted a mixed-methods study to: (1) examine reasons for co-use; and (2) develop a scale assessing reasons for co-use among participants in a longitudinal cohort study of 3,418 students aged 18-25 from 7 Georgia colleges and universities. Methods Phone-based semi-structured interviews were conducted in Summer 2015 among 46 current (past 30-day, n = 26) or lifetime (n = 20) marijuana users. Subsequently, scale items were developed and included at Wave 3. Participants reporting past 4-month tobacco and marijuana use (n = 328) completed the Reasons for Marijuana-Tobacco Co-use section. Results Per qualitative data, reasons for marijuana-tobacco co-use included synergistic effects, one triggering or preceding the other’s use, using one to reduce the other’s use, co-administration, social context, and experimentation. The survey subsample included 37.1% who used cigarettes, 30.4% LCCs, 9.4% smokeless, 23.7% e-cigarettes, and 30.4% hookah. Four subscale factors emerged: (1) Instrumentality, indicating synergistic effects; (2) Displacement, indicating using one product to reduce/quit the other; (3) Social context, indicating use in different settings/social situations; and (4) Experimentation, indicating experimentation with both but no specific reasons for co-use. These subscales demonstrated distinct associations with tobacco type used; nicotine dependence; marijuana and alcohol use frequency; tobacco and marijuana use motives, respectively; perceptions of tobacco and marijuana; and parental and friend use. Including these subscales in regressions predicting nicotine dependence and days of marijuana use significantly contributed to each model. Conclusions These findings might inform theoretical frameworks upon which marijuana-tobacco co-use occurs and direct future intervention studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasons for Marijuana and Tobacco Co-use Among Young Adults: A Mixed Methods Scale Development Study

Berg

Payne

Henriksen

et al. 2017

Substance Use & Misuse

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“…A recent review found that being Black was one of the strongest predictors of marijuana and tobacco co-use among young adults, and this is likely because of the high prevalence of blunt use among Blacks (Ramo et al, 2012). The adult literature also demonstrates an association between being Black and co-use, with couse increasing significantly in this population over the past decade (Schauer et al, 2015). Blacks may prefer blunts to joints because blunts can hold more marijuana, they burn more slowly, they are easier to transport and conceal, they help culturally distinguish young marijuana users from the older generation of marijuana users, and Blacks are more likely than other racial groups to have friends who smoke blunts (Fairman, 2015;Mariani et al, 2011;Ream et al, 2006;Sifaneck et al, 2006;Sinclair et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 96%

Let’s Be Blunt: Consumption Methods Matter Among Black Marijuana Smokers

Montgomery

Bagot

2016

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: Despite the high prevalence of blunt (i.e., hollowed-out cigars that are filled with marijuana) use among Black marijuana smokers, few studies have examined if and how blunt users differ from traditional joint users. Method: The current study compared the prevalence and patterns of use for those who smoked blunts in the past month (i.e., blunt users) with those who used marijuana through other methods (i.e., other marijuana users). The sample included 935 Black past-month marijuana smokers participating in the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Results: Among past-month marijuana smokers, 73.2% were blunt users and 26.8% were other marijuana users. Overall, blunt users initiated marijuana use at an earlier age (15.9 vs. 17.3 years, p < .01) and reported more days of marijuana use in the past month (16 vs. 8 days, p < .01) than did other marijuana users. There were also differences by gender. Among females, blunt users reported a higher odds of past-year marijuana abuse or dependence (23.8%) than other marijuana users (11.2%) (adjusted odds ratio = 1.23, 95% CI [1.12, 3.17], p < .01). However, blunt-using males reported similar odds of past-year marijuana abuse or dependence (approximately 25%) as other marijuana-using males. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions for blunt users as a subgroup of marijuana users, especially among Black females, who may be at increased risk for developing a marijuana use disorder as a result of blunt smoking. (J.

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“…use of both products but not simultaneously) is increasing across all age groups [2][3][4]. Popova et al [1] do not detail the usage patterns of their interviewees, but evidence suggests that many US young adults do co-use [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While evidence on the impact of couse is provided by a number of survey studies [3,4,12,13], we still know very little about users' perspectives on interchanging products, whether or not this occurs consciously, and what are the perceived outcomes for users.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The natural history of co-use, cessation and the potential for the substitution effect of cannabis and tobacco [14] also requires exploration particularly from their perspective of the user [3,4,12]. Additionally, we need to know which quit methods are practised and appear feasible and effective, whether dual quit attempts are simultaneous or sequential and what role other products such as e-cigarettes (and cannabis vaporizers [15]) might play.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Commentary on Popova et al. (2017): Co‐used and co‐administered tobacco and cannabis (marijuana) require further investigation

2017

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Assessing the overlap between tobacco and marijuana: Trends in patterns of co-use of tobacco and marijuana in adults from 2003–2012

Cited by 207 publications

References 43 publications

Reasons for Marijuana and Tobacco Co-use Among Young Adults: A Mixed Methods Scale Development Study

Reasons for Marijuana and Tobacco Co-use Among Young Adults: A Mixed Methods Scale Development Study

Let’s Be Blunt: Consumption Methods Matter Among Black Marijuana Smokers

Commentary on Popova et al. (2017): Co‐used and co‐administered tobacco and cannabis (marijuana) require further investigation

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