Assessing the molecular basis of transferable quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from food-producing animals and food products

Occurrence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and virulence genes in avian Escherichia coli isolates from Algeria

“…In Algeria, there is no data about PMQR in NAL-resistant E. coli strains isolated from animals, with the exception of one study in humans, which reported a prevalence of 10% [3]. The prevalence of PMQR genes reported in this study (10.34%) was higher than that reported in the United States (0.7%) [15], the Czech Republic (4%) [11], Turkey (5.3%) [32], and Portugal (5.5%) [34], but lower than that reported in Tunisia (81.8%) [13] and Italy (90%) [12].…”

Extended-Spectrumß-Lactamase, AmpC-Producing, and Fluoroquinolone-ResistantEscherichia coliin Retail Broiler Chicken Meat, Italy

“…qnrA was the only PMQR determinant detected in all ciprofloxacin resistant isolates accounting for a prevalence of about 90%, substantially higher than any other previous report. For instance, in two studies from Czech Republic and Portugal, PMQR genes were detected only in 4% and 5.5% of strains, respectively (Literak et al, 2013;Jones-Dias et al, 2013). This finding could be tentatively related to the extensive use of fluoroquinolones in the poultry industry in the southern European countries, including Italy (Cerquetti et al, 2009).…”

Molecular evidence of the close relatedness of clinical, gull and wastewater isolates of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli

“…To elucidate the mechanisms of quinolone resistance, which was the main criterion for isolate selection, the presence of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, qepA, oqxA, oqxB and aac(6 0 )-Ib-cr as well as quinolone resistance-associated mutations in the genes aac(6 0 )-Ibcr, gyrA and parC were assessed as described previously [5,10].…”