Assessing the Glass Ceiling Effect for Women in Tourism and Hospitality

Bazazo, Ibrahim; Nasseef, Mohammed Abdullah; Mukattesh, Batool; Kastero, Duha; Al-Hallaq, Mohammad

doi:10.5430/jms.v8n3p51

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, Table 5 and Table 6 indicate no significant difference among the individual, organizational and cultural factors that prevent employees from obtaining upper-level positions due to the moderator variable of age (Table 5) and work experience (Table 6). The obtained results are similar to the findings of Bazazo et al [40] on their research on the Jordanian tourism sector, indicating that several barriers among which: personal, internal business structural and societal barriers hinder the women's way to the top. However, they found statistical difference among the barriers women face that prevent them from obtaining upperlevel positions due to age, educational level, career level, and work experience, as well.…”

Section: Data Analysis and Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Out of the study conducted among 199 respondents in the public organizations in Iran, the authors concluded that cultural and social factors are the most influential in not appointing women in management or higher positions in an organization [39]. Although to different extent, internal business structural barriers, societal barriers, governmental barriers, situational barriers, and personal barriers prevent women in the tourism sector in Jordan, from obtaining upper-level positions [40]. From the sample consisted of 150 women executives in Sri Lanka, Bombuwela and De Alwis [41] examined a significant effect of the individual factors, organizational factors and cultural factors on women career development and significant effect of family factor on the glass ceiling, thus concluding that there are significant effects of the glass ceiling on women's career development.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glass Ceiling Factors Hindering Women's Advancement in Management Hierarchy

Kaftandzieva

Nakov

2021

JEMT

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Aims: This aim of this paper is to identify the barriers that hinder women’s advancement in the management hierarchy in the financial sector (both banking and insurance) in Republic of North Macedonia, a country historically known for its masculine culture and stereotype–driven expectations regarding the role of woman in the society. Study design: Original research paper. Analytical observational, cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: The research sample was consisted of male and female employees from banking and insurance sectors in North Macedonia in March 2021. Methodology: A questionnaire was designed to achieve the objectives of the study in which the items for the barriers have been measured using 5–points Likert scale. The reliability and validity analyses were conducted; descriptive analysis was used to describe the characteristics of the sample as well as the strength and direction of the relationship between the variables, and ANOVA test was employed to examine the proposed three hypotheses. Results: The obtained results of Cronbach’s alpha are 0.821, 0.836 0.918 for individual, organizational and cultural factors, respectively. The results suggest a significant difference among the barriers (individual, organizational and cultural factors) that prevent employees from obtaining upper–level positions in the organizations due to gender (p <0.001), whereas no significant difference was found among the barriers that prevent employees from obtaining upper–level positions due to age and work experience. Conclusion: The obtained results call for attention to existence of gender disparities and gender inequalities in many areas of life, particularly in the labor market, when climbing up the corporate ladder. The study contributes to the literature by providing new practical insights into gender diversity initiatives focusing on growth and development aspects of female employees by breaking the glass ceiling and recognizing their competencies, qualifications, and achievement as well as giving them prospects for upward mobility.

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Section: Data Analysis and Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass Ceiling Factors Hindering Women's Advancement in Management Hierarchy

Kaftandzieva

Nakov

2021

JEMT

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“…No entanto, a gestão da diversidade não dizimou o racismo institucional e a barreira do "teto de vidro" (BENTO, 1995;YAP, KONRAD, 2009;VRAVEC, BAČIK, 2012;COOK, GLASS, 2014;BAZAZO et al, 2017;MARRY, POCHIC, 2017;ARAÚJO, VASCONCELOS, 2018). Segundo Figueiredo (2008) e Coutinho et al (2009), os indicadores sociais reforçam que o ambiente do trabalho não está preparado para a diversidade.…”

Section: Diversidade E Sua Gestão No Contexto Das Organizaçõesunclassified

Diversidade E Gestão: Análise Na Perspectiva De Gênero E Raça No Brasil

Ferreira

Oliveira

Nunes

et al. 2020

PG&C

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ResumoO objetivo deste artigo é discutir a questão da diversidade cultural em organizações brasileiras, no contexto de siderurgia e mineração, em relação à mulher negra nesse espaço. A metodologia aplicada se pauta na pesquisa descritiva, de caráter qualitativo, com interpretação erigida na Análise do Discurso. Como resultados, por meio da construção de sentido dos sujeitos pesquisados, mostra a complexidade da temática sobre e gênero e raça nas organizações brasileiras. Conclui que a aplicação da base teórica fundada nas dimensões da organização defendidas por Baldissera (2004;2009;2015) possibilita demonstrar como a organização falada e comunicante é complexa, como os estudos sobre diversidade cultural.

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“…The independent variables (GC) are Internal Business Structural Barriers, Societal Barriers, Government Barriers, Personal Barriers, Situational Barriers (Bazazo et al, 2017), as adapted by Clevenger and Singh (2013), and (Kiaye and Singh, 2013). At the same time, the current research considers five barriers that women face in their career development (WCD): Internal Business Structural Barriers, Societal Barriers, Governmental Barriers, Situational Barriers, and Personal Barriers.…”

Section: H1: Internal Business Structural Barriers Influence Women's mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Glass Ceiling: Existence Barriers Affecting Women’s Career Development

Merita¹,

Dauti²

2020

IJEBA

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Purpose: The primary aim of the study was to investigate and analyze the barriers to women's career development. Design/Methodology/Approach: The overall study is a structure based on the conceptual framework created using the relevant literature review, analyzing and researching more about the women career development influenced by Internal Business Structural Barriers, Societal Barriers, Governmental Barriers, Situational Barriers, Personal Barriers, of "Glass ceiling" (GC) in the private sector, in the hospitality industry. The data were collected from 150 women employed in the hospitality industry, while 132 out of 150 responded to the questionnaire. Findings: From the analysis of the general findings of the study, it can be concluded that referring to the purpose of the study, the influence of "Glass ceiling" barriers on the WCD were achieved, and the influence of GC barriers on WCD was also identified, which enables the women career development in the private sector of the hospitality industry in Kosovo. Practical implications: Although women already make up a significant contribution to the business world and the hotel industry workforce, men continue to take up most managerial positions. Despite their academic advancement and interest in managing this sector, they are still influenced by "Glass Ceiling" as a barrier for women to advance in their careers at senior levels of supervisory and managerial positions. Originality/value: Due to the lack of research on the "Glass Ceiling" such a problem has not been researched in Kosovo. This study contributes to the literature on the challenges and barriers faced by women in developing in their careers.

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Assessing the Glass Ceiling Effect for Women in Tourism and Hospitality

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Glass Ceiling Factors Hindering Women's Advancement in Management Hierarchy

Glass Ceiling Factors Hindering Women's Advancement in Management Hierarchy

Diversidade E Gestão: Análise Na Perspectiva De Gênero E Raça No Brasil

The Glass Ceiling: Existence Barriers Affecting Women’s Career Development

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