2017
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2525-6
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Abstract: BackgroundSnails are essential for the transmission and maintenance of schistosomiasis in endemic areas, as they serve as intermediate hosts for schistosome parasites. A clear understanding of the snail species present, their local distribution and infection status is therefore a prerequisite for effective control of schistosomiasis. The purpose of this study was to establish the infection status and distribution of Schistosoma mansoni in snails in the Gombe area along the shores of Lake Tanganyika in western … Show more

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Cited by 23 publications
(32 citation statements)
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“…Despite large integrated control programs during the last few decades, disease transmission continues due to the absence of rapid and reliable diagnostic tools to detect the schistosomes in endemic areas [12]. Historically the presence of schistosomes has been established by snail-based surveys coupled with microscopic and/or molecular detection of parasitic larvae within the snails [13][14][15][16][17][18]. These surveys are labour intensive and demand specific training and expertise.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite large integrated control programs during the last few decades, disease transmission continues due to the absence of rapid and reliable diagnostic tools to detect the schistosomes in endemic areas [12]. Historically the presence of schistosomes has been established by snail-based surveys coupled with microscopic and/or molecular detection of parasitic larvae within the snails [13][14][15][16][17][18]. These surveys are labour intensive and demand specific training and expertise.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another factor to consider in parasite control measures is whether there are other reservoirs of infection that might maintain the disease even if all humans were treated [ 20 ]. For schistosomiasis, there is some evidence that non-human primates (mostly baboons and vervet monkeys) can harbour the same species of schistosomes as humans [ 21 – 24 ]. The prevalence of schistosomes in the wild animals is not clearly known, but neither is the prevalence in humans in major areas of contact such as at Gombe National Park in western Tanzania [ 22 , 24 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For schistosomiasis, there is some evidence that non-human primates (mostly baboons and vervet monkeys) can harbour the same species of schistosomes as humans [ 21 – 24 ]. The prevalence of schistosomes in the wild animals is not clearly known, but neither is the prevalence in humans in major areas of contact such as at Gombe National Park in western Tanzania [ 22 , 24 ]. Given the economic importance of primate ecotourism in Tanzania [ 25 ], an important knowledge gap to address is the potential schistosomiasis risk humans might pose to animals and the potential risk posed to tourists.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our method would also overcome potential taxonomic complications due to the sympatric coexistence of human and non-human schistosome species with morphologically similar cercariae [35,36]. Additionally, it may be preferable to the PCR-based approaches on snail tissue (either end-point PCR [15] or qPCR as in this study), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) on snail tissue [37], given the time-consuming nature of DNA extraction from multiple individual snails, and the potential presence of polysaccharide PCR inhibitors in mollusc tissue [29]. More specifically, this eDNA-based xenomonitoring method that requires only one eDNA extraction from the water in each experimental chamber could replace the need to extract DNA individually from potentially hundreds of snails, thus providing significant savings in cost and time.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Microscopical examination of schistosome cercariae is then used to determine the infection status of snails [10][11][12], and the method requires considerable time, effort and expertise in the taxonomic identification of schistosome cercariae using microscopy. Alternatively, it is possible to test infection status of individual snails using molecular xenomonitoring tests for the presence of Schistosoma DNA in snail tissue using conventional endpoint PCR [13][14][15][16] or quantitative PCR [17,18]. While these methods requiring testing of individual snails have been very effective, they are limited by the need to test large numbers, as often only a small proportion of a total snail population are infected [19,20].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%