Assembly HVDC Breaker for HVDC Grids With Modular Multilevel Converters

Liu, Gaoren; Xu, Feng; Xu, Zheng; Zhang, Zheren; Tang, Geng

doi:10.1109/tpel.2016.2540808

Cited by 233 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For I1, I1=iCa(t3) can be obtained from (4). It cannot be obtained in advance if Ca is unknown, but it can be estimated.…”

Section: B Parameter Design Of the Fclmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IGH voltage direct current (HVDC) grids employing the modular multilevel converters (MMC) are considered to be one of the effective solutions for transferring the fluctuating renewable source energies over long distances through overhead transmission lines or cables [1]- [3]. A major challenge to the development of future HVDC grids is the countermeasures against DC-side short-circuit fault [4]. The DC line impedance is much smaller than ac line impedance, hence DC faults cause very large rate of rising of the fault currents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Thyristor-Based DC Fault Current Limiter With Inductor Inserting–Bypassing Capability

Zhao

Han

et al. 2019

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron.

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“…For I1, I1=iCa(t3) can be obtained from (4). It cannot be obtained in advance if Ca is unknown, but it can be estimated.…”

Section: B Parameter Design Of the Fclmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Thyristor-Based DC Fault Current Limiter With Inductor Inserting–Bypassing Capability

Zhao

Han

et al. 2019

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron.

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show abstract

“…Considering an equal contribution, the arm currents can be described in (5) and (6). The differential current i diff is contained both in the upper and in the lower arm current without being measurable directly [20].…”

Section: B Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Projects up to 1000 MW are realized or planned to be built [2]. The HVDC systems have to be designed and controlled to provide high efficiency, availability and reliability during steady state operation as well as during fault conditions being very challenging at DC side [3], [4], [5], [6]. In general, the MMC particularly profits from its scalability to different power and voltage levels by using standard components (IGBTs) [1], [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Analysis and Balancing for Modular Multilevel Converters in HVDC Applications

Hahn

Andresen

Buticchi

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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Abstract-The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become a very attractive solution for interfacing high voltages in hybrid networks. The MMC enables scalability to different power levels, full controllability provided by IGBTs and can achieve very high efficiencies by using a low switching frequency method as the nearest level modulation. However, the nearest level modulation requires a capacitor voltage balancing algorithm, which can result in unbalanced loading for the power semiconductors in the different submodules. Particularly at low power factor operation, which could occur in case of low-voltage ride through and of reactive power injection, the conventional algorithm is not effective anymore. This article provides thermal stress analysis of the MMC in operation and proposes a thermal balancing approach, which is embedded in the capacitor voltage balancing algorithm. The purpose of the thermal balancing is to achieve similar stress distribution among the different submodules to enhance the lifetime. The junction temperatures in the different submodules are studied for HVDC applications and the article proves experimentally, that the thermal balance within the submodules is significantly improved.

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“…Furthermore, the European HVDC Study Group investigated basic principles to design and operate HVDC grid HVDC grid systems [6]. Inspired by these studies, a wide range of research has been conducted on HVDC grids, such as control [7][8][9][10][11][12], protection [13][14][15][16], and security [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Reliability Evaluation Method for Meshed VSC-HVDC Grids

et al. 2017

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Abstract:High-voltage direct current (HVDC) grids are emerging, and their reliability has been an increasing concern for the utilities. HVDC grids are different from typical two-terminal HVDC transmission systems due to the loops in their topology, which makes it difficult to evaluate the reliability by conventional analytical methods. This paper proposes an innovative hybrid method to evaluate the reliability of meshed HVDC grids. First, steady-state models and reliability models are established for the components in HVDC grids, especially for converters and power flow controllers. In the models, virtual buses are introduced to represent the external AC connections to the HVDC grid. Then a hybrid reliability evaluation method is proposed based on an analytical approach and Monte Carlo simulation. One innovation of the paper is the application of an analytical analysis method to accelerate state evaluation in Monte Carlo simulation by skipping unnecessary optimization. The proposed models and methods are verified on two HVDC grids. Test results show that HVDC grids under most failure states (approximately 70%) tend to shed no load except on buses connected to faulted converters, and the application of the analytical method could promote evaluation efficiency significantly.

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Assembly HVDC Breaker for HVDC Grids With Modular Multilevel Converters

Cited by 233 publications

References 24 publications

A Thyristor-Based DC Fault Current Limiter With Inductor Inserting–Bypassing Capability

A Thyristor-Based DC Fault Current Limiter With Inductor Inserting–Bypassing Capability

Thermal Analysis and Balancing for Modular Multilevel Converters in HVDC Applications

A Hybrid Reliability Evaluation Method for Meshed VSC-HVDC Grids

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