Aspiration Cytology in Acute Otitis Media

Qvarnberg, Yrjö; Holopainen, Elina; Palva, Tauno

doi:10.3109/00016488409132919

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…S100A12 serum level increases during an AOM episode are likely related to neutrophil activation in response to an increase in bacterial load in the nasopharynx during a viral URI that sets the stage for pathogenesis resulting in AOM. This observation is consistent with differences in pathogen-stimulated activation of neutrophils previously observed by others [21,22]. Also, the number of neutrophils in Middle Ear Fluid (MEF) of children with AOM caused by Spn has been shown to be significantly higher than that found in the MEF of children with AOM caused by NTHi [23].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Three Innate Cytokine Biomarkers Predict Presence of Acute Otitis Media and Relevant Otopathogens

Pichichero¹,

Morris²,

Almudevar³

2018

Biomark Applic

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Background: Diagnosis of Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is challenging, resulting in frequent over diagnosis and improper prescription of antibiotics. A serum biomarker of AOM would significantly improve pediatric care for this common illness.Methods: Serum samples were studied from 197 children 6-36 months old during health, during viral Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) without middle ear involvement, and at the onset of AOM (confirmed by tympanocentesis). Serum concentrations of S100A12, IL-10, and ICAM-1 were measured by ELISA. Otopathogens were identified by culture of middle ear fluid. A predictive model for infection and causative otopathogen was developed based on density distributions of the measured cytokines. Results:A biomarker score derived from subject age and serum concentrations of S100A12, IL-10, and ICAM-1 was significantly able to distinguish both between health and disease and between upper respiratory infections with and without middle ear involvement (AOM vs URI), and further predicted the specific causative bacterial pathogen. This biomarker could also identify recurrent OM-prone children. Conclusions:For the first time we show that a biomarker risk score derived from serum cytokine levels can predict the presence of bacterial AOM, the likely Otopathogen, and the recurrent OM-prone child. Clinical significance:(1) AOM is a widespread pediatric infection with a substantial economic burden. (2) Three serum cytokines can discriminate between URI and AOM, reducing over diagnosis. (3) Prediction of responsible pathogen enables targeted antibiotic prescription.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Three Innate Cytokine Biomarkers Predict Presence of Acute Otitis Media and Relevant Otopathogens

Pichichero¹,

Morris²,

Almudevar³

2018

Biomark Applic

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“…Qvarnberg et al (13) also found a higher number of neutrophils in AOM caused by Spn than in AOM cases in which no pathogens were isolated. The significant increase of S100A12 serum concentrations in children with AOM may be related to the activation, proliferation and recruitment of neutrophils and other inflammatory cells to the middle ear site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Clinical Significance of Serum S100A12 in Acute Otitis Media in Young Children

Liu

Pichichero

2012

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background S100A12 is a calcium-binding protein predominantly expressed in neutrophil granulocytes in response to infections or inflammation. Acute otitis media (AOM) is a local infection mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and/or Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat). Methods To study if S100A12 values could serve as a diagnostic marker, serum S100A12 concentrations were tested in young children before, at onset and after recovery from AOM. Results Among 116 children with AOM we found that serum S100A12 concentrations were significantly increased at onset of AOM compared to before infection (p=0.0001), and returned to normal levels when the children recovered from the infection (p=0.01). Elevation of S100A12 correlated with the presence of Spn (p=0.004) or NTHi (p=0.04) in the middle ear, but not with Mcat or upper respiratory viral infection. Change in serum value of S100A12 at onset of AOM were not related to the frequency of occurrence of AOM or the age of the child. Conclusion S100A12 may be a useful biomarker for onset of AOM due to Spn and NTHi; and for following children with AOM.

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“…Therefore, obviously a simple comparison of bacterial-positive rates cannot definitively conclude a correlation of direct bacterial dissemination into the middle ear cavity by adenoid hypertrophy and sinusitis and OME. Qvarnberg et al (11) stated that the bacteria-positive rate was higher in middle ear effusions with purulent fluid, however, there was no significant difference between those with mucoid and serous fluid. In this study, we presume that since the serous fluid specimens were much fewer than the mucoid fluid specimens, there were no statistically significant results and further study will be necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection Rates of Bacteria in Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion in Children

et al. 2004

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This study was performed to investigate polymerase chain reaction-based detection of bacterial DNA in middle ear fluid and assess the correlation between the PCR-positive rate with several factors associated with middle ear effusion. The purpose was to gain a further understanding of bacterial infection as a major cause of otitis media with effusion. Of the 278 specimens of middle ear fluid, 39 (14%) tested positive by ordinary culture. The overall detection rate of bacterial DNA using the PCR method was 36.7% for middle ear effusion, and bacterial DNA detection rates of Hemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis in the middle ear effusion were 29.1%, 4.7% and 10.8%, respectively. The bacterial DNA detection rate was higher in ears with a history of acute otitis media than those without the history. High detection rates were observed in patients younger than 48 months who have had a higher tendency to present with acute otitis media. We concluded that PCR is a more sensitive method for the detection of bacteria in middle ear effusion than ordinary culture, and acute otitis media is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion.

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Aspiration Cytology in Acute Otitis Media

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Three Innate Cytokine Biomarkers Predict Presence of Acute Otitis Media and Relevant Otopathogens

Three Innate Cytokine Biomarkers Predict Presence of Acute Otitis Media and Relevant Otopathogens

Clinical Significance of Serum S100A12 in Acute Otitis Media in Young Children

Detection Rates of Bacteria in Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion in Children

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