Aspects of Applied Chemistry Related to Future Goals of Safety and Efficiency in Materials Development for Nuclear Energy

Golgovici, Florentina; Tudose, Aurelia Elena; Diniasi, Diana; Nartita, Radu; Fulger, Manuela; Demetrescu, Ioana

doi:10.3390/molecules28020874

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(239 reference statements)

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“…HEAs maintain structural integrity under extreme temperatures and show excellent resistance to creep, making them ideal for high-temperature nuclear reactor environments [83][84][85]. Additionally, HEAs offer superior resistance to radiation-induced damage compared to conventional alloys, due to their unique atomic structures and high configurational entropy, enhancing their long-term durability in nuclear reactors [86,87]. Refractory metal-based complex concentrated alloys (RCCAs), including refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs), represent significant advancements in materials science, offering a unique blend of properties ideal for high-temperature applications [2,88,89].…”

Section: Applications Of High-entropy Alloys In Extreme Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modern Approach to HEAs: From Structure to Properties and Potential Applications

Nartita,

Ionita,

Demetrescu

2024

Crystals

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High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are advanced materials characterized by their unique and complex compositions. Characterized by a mixture of five or more elements in roughly equal atomic ratios, these alloys diverge from traditional alloy formulations that typically focus on one or two principal elements. This innovation has paved the way for subsequent studies that have expanded our understanding of HEAs, highlighting the role of high mixing entropy in stabilizing fewer phases than expected by traditional phase prediction methods like Gibbs’s rule. In this review article, we trace the evolution of HEAs, discussing their synthesis, stability, and the influence of crystallographic structures on their properties. Additionally, we highlight the strength–ductility trade-off in HEAs and explore strategies to overcome this challenge. Moreover, we examine the diverse applications of HEAs in extreme conditions and their promise for future advancements in materials science.

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Section: Applications Of High-entropy Alloys In Extreme Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modern Approach to HEAs: From Structure to Properties and Potential Applications

Nartita,

Ionita,

Demetrescu

2024

Crystals

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“…Nonetheless, its exorbitant expense renders it unsuitable for large-scale part repairs [20,21]. Stainless steel materials used in melting and casting are typically supplied in ingots, which are both cost effective and efficient, making them widely used to manufacture a range of stainless steel parts [19,22]. Nevertheless, applying melting and casting techniques for repairing old parts is not feasible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Cr-Rich 316 Stainless Steel Coatings Fabricated by the TIG Process Using Flux-Cored Wires

Zhang,

Jian,

Yin

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Arc welded 316 stainless steel coatings with flux-cored wires are very promising for marine service environments due to their low cost, high efficiency, and satisfactory performance, while they suffers from Cr dilution during the preparation process. Herein, based on the consideration of increasing the Cr content and ensuring the same value of the Cr/Ni equivalence ratio (Creq/Nieq), 316-modified flux-cored wires, 316F (19Cr-12Ni-3Mo) and 316G (22Cr-14Ni-3Mo), were designed under the guidance of a Schaeffler diagram for the improvement of the electrochemical and mechanical properties of 316 stainless steel coatings. The designed flux-cored wires were welded into a three-layer cladding by the tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) process, and the microstructure, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties of the claddings were investigated. The results showed that 316F and 316G consist of γ-Fe (austenite) and a small portion of δ-Fe (ferrite) as the Creq/Nieq is approximately 1.5. However, due to the higher value of the equivalent Cr content (ECC), 316G has an additional intermetallic phase (σ), which precipitates as a strengthening phase at grain boundaries, significantly increasing the tensile and yield strength of 316G but reducing its plasticity. In addition, the corrosion current density (icorr) and pitting potential (Eb) for 316G are 0.20447 μA·cm−2 and 0.634 V, respectively, while the values for 316F are 0.32117 μA·cm−2 and 0.603 V, respectively, indicating that 316G has better anti-corrosion performance.

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“…The year 2022 was successful for nuclear power, with progress being made in increasing awareness of the value of nuclear power, among climate groups, investors, and other energy communities [2,3]. In this context of sustainable clean energy, the research in the field of materials development performance for nuclear energy is growing revealing the challenges related to safety and efficiency [4] and many alloys were investigated [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accident-Tolerant Barriers for Fuel Road Cladding of CANDU Nuclear Reactor

Diniasi,

Fulger,

Butoi

et al. 2023

Coatings

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The nuclear industry is focusing some efforts on increasing the operational safety of current nuclear reactors and improving the safety of future types of reactors. In this context, the paper is focused on testing and evaluating the corrosion behavior of a thin chromium coating, deposited by Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition on Zy-4. After autoclaving under primary circuit conditions, the Cr-coated Zy-4 samples were characterized by gravimetric analysis, optical microscopy, SEM with EDX, and XRD. The investigation of the corrosion behavior was carried out by applying three electrochemical methods: potentiodynamic measurements, EIS, and OCP variation. A plateau appears on the weight gain evolution, and the oxidation kinetics generate a cubic oxidation law, both of which indicate a stabilization of the corrosion. By optical microscopy, it was observed a relatively uniform distribution of hydrides along the samples, in the horizontal direction. By SEM investigations it was observed that after the autoclaving period, the coatings with thickness from 2 to 3 µm are still adherent and maintain integrity. The XRD diffractograms showed a high degree of crystallinity with the intensity of chromium peaks higher than the intensity of zirconium peaks. Electrochemical results indicate better corrosion behavior after 3024 h of autoclaving.

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Aspects of Applied Chemistry Related to Future Goals of Safety and Efficiency in Materials Development for Nuclear Energy

Cited by 6 publications

References 180 publications

A Modern Approach to HEAs: From Structure to Properties and Potential Applications

A Modern Approach to HEAs: From Structure to Properties and Potential Applications

Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Cr-Rich 316 Stainless Steel Coatings Fabricated by the TIG Process Using Flux-Cored Wires

Accident-Tolerant Barriers for Fuel Road Cladding of CANDU Nuclear Reactor

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