Aspectos Históricos, Teóricos e Metodológicos da Teoria do Momentum Comportamental

Abstract

Resumo:A Teoria do Momentum Comportamental (TMC) foi proposta para sistematizar os dados de pesquisas sobre resistência do comportamento à mudança, definindo-a como a tendência de um comportamento continuar ocorrendo quando se altera o ambiente no qual ele está sendo mantido. O presente artigo discorre acerca dos aspectos históricos, teóricos e metodológicos sobre a resistência do comportamento à mudança de acordo com o quadro conceitual da TMC e apresenta algumas das implicações dessa área de pesquisa para a Análise do Comportamento Aplicada. Observa-se que a resistência comportamental é um fenômeno complexo que pode ser afetado por diversas variáveis, tais como a taxa ou a magnitude dos reforços, diferentes exigências sobre a taxa de respostas e pelo atraso dos reforços. Tais resultados promoveram o desenvolvimento e refinamento de protocolos de intervenção, principalmente no trabalho com indivíduos com desenvolvimento atípico. A continuidade da pesquisa nessa área fornecerá maior e melhor conhecimento sobre o comportamento dos organismos, bases para revisões teóricas sobre os determinantes da resistência do comportamento à mudança bem como promoverá o desenvolvimento de intervenções comportamentais mais efetivas. Palavras-chave:Persistência, resistência à mudança, artigo de revisão, momentum comportamental; ressurgência Abstract: Behavioral Momentum Theory (BMT) was proposed to systematize research data on behavioral resistance to change, defining it as the tendency of a behavior to continue occurring when the environment in which it is being maintained is altered. This article discusses the historical, theoretical and methodological aspects of behavioral resistance to change according to the conceptual framework of BMT and presents some of the implications of this area for Applied Behavior Analysis. It is noted that behavioral resistance is a complex phenomenon that can be affected by several variables, such as the rate or magnitude of reinforcement, different response-rate requirements and reinforcement delay. Such results promoted the development and refinement of intervention protocols, mainly in the work with individuals with atypical development. The continuity of research in this area will provide greater and better knowledge about the behavior of organisms, bases for theoretical reviews on the determinants of behavioral resistance to change, as well as promote the development of more effective behavioral interventions.Resumen: La Teoría del Momentum Conductual (TMC) fue propuesta para sistematizar los datos de investigaciones sobre la resistencia de la conducta al cambio, definiéndolo como la tendencia de una conducta continuar ocurriendo cuando se altera el ambiente que la mantenía. El presente artículo discurre sobre los aspectos históricos, teóricos y metodológicos acerca de la resistencia de la conducta al cambio de acuerdo con lo marco conceptual de la TMC y presenta algunas de las implicaciones de esta área de investigación para el Análisis Conductual Aplicada. Se observa que la resistencia condu...

Influência da relação resposta/reforço na persistência comportamental

“…Portanto, a COND 2 teve como objetivo trazer um arranjo experimental clássico para o estudo da persistência comportamental (Luiz et al, 2019;Nevin & Wacker, 2013). Esperava-se que a exposição das participantes a um esquema múltiplo VI com diferentes taxas de reforço entre os componentes produzisse maior persistência no componente com maior taxa de reforço (ou seja, o VI-15s).…”

Behavioral resistance as function of different levels of instruction completeness

“…A few decades later, Nevin (1974Nevin ( , 1979 stated that the strength of operants might be better understood by examining the tendency for an operant to continue to occur following the addition of disruptive events -i.e., also referred to as persistence and resistance to change. Recently, resistance to change has been investigated under the concept of Behavioral Momentum (Luiz et al, 2019;Nevin, 2015;Nevin et al, 1983). Under a Behavioral Momentum framework, the resistance to change of several species (e.g., pigeons, rats, fish, and humans) is often studied as function of the reinforcement rate or magnitude.…”

Response‐dependent point loss and response force as disrupting operations on behavioral resistance to change in humans

“…Behavioral momentum theory (BMT) provides a theoretical and methodological framework for understanding how differentially maintained operant responding resists disruption (Craig et al, 2014;Greer et al, 2016;Nevin, 2015;Nevin & Wacker, 2013). The prototypical preparation for examining such disruption is a multiple variable-interval (VI) VI schedule of reinforcement in which the rates of reinforcement in the two components differ (in other, closely related preparations, the magnitude and immediacy of reinforcement also have been manipulated; Cohen et al, 1993, Luiz et al, 2019Nevin, 1974Nevin, , 1979Nevin, , 2015. A common test of operant persistence or resistance to change involves using disruptive operations such as extinction, delivery of response-independent food during intercomponent intervals, or prefeeding (Nevin & Wacker, 2013;Podlesnik & DeLeon, 2015).…”

“…Although the suppressive effects of both response‐dependent point loss and response force have been reported, neither has been evaluated in the context of BMT, which requires a relative assessment of the effects of the disruptive events (Craig et al, 2014; Grace, 2018; Luiz et al, 2019; Trump et al, 2021). Given the applicational importance of response‐reduction procedures and the paucity of research on these procedures in relation to BMT, the present experiments were designed to assess the relative persistence of differentially reinforced responding of humans as a function of point‐loss contingency and response force.…”