Asian American families' collectivistic coping strategies in response to 9/11.

Abstract

Our study investigated the use of individualistic and collectivistic coping strategies among Asian American family members of victims of the World Trade Center (WTC) attacks on September 11th, 2001. Interviews were conducted with 11 Asian Americans who had lost a member of their family in the WTC attacks. Using the Discovery-Oriented Research analysis (Mahrer, 1988), results indicated that Asian Americans utilized the following collectivistic coping methods to deal with their losses: individualistic coping, familial coping, intracultural coping, relational universality, forbearance, fatalism/ spirituality, and indigenous healing methods. Additionally, our research found that cultural stigmata, privacy issues, and lack of culturally responsive counselors were factors in participants not utilizing available mental health services. Implications for culturally appropriate services, counseling, and research are discussed.

Locus of Control and Peer Relationships Among Caucasian, Hispanic, Asian, and African American Adolescents

“…A number of studies, however, showed that ethnic minority groups such as African, Asian, and Mexican-Americans tended to hold a more external locus of control (Leung 2001;O'Hea et al 2009;Okeke et al 1999;Ramirez 1988) than European Americans. An orientation towards external locus of control seems consistent with fatalistic beliefs that prevail in many Asian cultures (Norenzayan and Lee 2010;Yeh et al 2006) and in Mexican and other cultures with a strong Catholic tradition (McCabe et al 2008). In African-American cultures, having a more external locus of control orientation may be a way to deal with the disadvantages of poverty, unemployment, and racial discrimination (Threlfall et al 2013).…”

Mental Health Consequences of September 11: A Five-Year Review of the Behavioral Sciences Literature

“…A study (Yeh et al 2006) investigated how 11 Asian Americans living in the NYC area, who had lost a family member, were coping with the tragedy. Four of the participants had lost a child, three had lost a sibling, three had lost a spouse, and one had lost a niece.…”

A eficácia das estratégias de coping após um evento traumático: uma revisão sistemática

“…Como afirmaram Yeh et al (2006), as necessidades sociais e os valores culturais têm efeito sobre as estratégias de coping a utilizar aquando da gestão de eventos stressantes e traumáticos. Nas culturas ocidentais, expressar pensamentos e sentimentos associados a um evento traumático não só é aceitável, mas também incentivado socialmente, uma vez que as sociedades ocidentais são baseadas em valores individualistas em que são incentivadas a autonomia e individualidade.…”

“…Quando a adversidade ou o trauma ocorrem, espera-se que as vítimas utilizem estratégias de coping que lhes permitam enfrentar o acontecimento de forma individualista (Yeh et al, 2006). Pelo contrário, as culturas coletivistas, como as sociedades orientais, enfatizam a ligação dos seres humanos (Markus e Kitayama, 1991).…”