Ash fusion characteristics of bamboo, wood and coal

Liu, Zhijia; Zhang, Tao; Zhang, Jian; Xiang, Hongzhong; Yang, Xiaoguang; Hu, Wanhe; Fang, Liang; Mi, Bingbing

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.07.131

Cited by 73 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The fusion tendency in this study agreed qualitatively with Liu's standard bamboo ash fusion test whose deformation temperature (DT), softening temperature (ST), were 950 °C, 1038 °C, 1136 °C, and 1181 °C, respectively 32) .…”

Section: Visualization Of the Original Bamboo Ash During Fusionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Study on Mass Transfer of Ash during Bamboo Powder Combustion

Takata

Umehara

Okubo

et al. 2020

J. Jpn. Inst. Energy

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In this study, mass transfer of ash during bamboo powder combustion on a flat flame is investigated experimentally and numerically. The bamboo powder combustion consisted of volatiles emission, volatiles combustion, char formation, char combustion, and finally ash formation. The mass of ash formed was about 3 wt% that of raw bamboo powder. The mass of ash decreased with the equivalence ratio Φ for flat flame combustion.Part of the ash fused and then adhered to the Inconel mesh for wrapping of bamboo powder as bottom ash, flowing through the mesh. The mass adhered to the Inconel mesh depended strongly on the equivalence ratio Φ. The fusion tendency of the atmospheric oxidization ash agreed qualitatively with Liu's standard bamboo ash fusion test. On the other hand, as ash fusion started locally in this work, it suggests that the concentration of metal oxides of the atmospheric oxidization ash was not uniform. For the atmospheric oxidization ash at 600 °C, K2Si2O5, KAlSiO4, Na2CaP2O7, Mg2SiO4, K2SO4, and Fe2O3 were predicted to be the major eutectic materials. At 1120 °C, only Fe2O3 remained and the liquid components accounted for about 95%. On the other hand, the major eutectic materials for the combustion ashes of Φ = 0.85 and Φ = 1.0 at 1260 °C were MgO and Fe2O3, respectively. Therefore, the predicted eutectic materials of the combustion ash were changed appropriately in comparison with those for the atmospheric oxidization ash because of the fusion and disappearance of some metal oxide components during combustion.

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Section: Visualization Of the Original Bamboo Ash During Fusionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The eutectics formed from bamboo ash with an ash deformation temperature of 950 °C were K2SO4, Mg3(PO4)2, and MgCO3 32) , while the eutectics formed from bamboo ash with an ash deformation temperature of 1280 °C were (K, Na)3Na(SO4)2, K2SO4, CaS, and Ca(HPO4) 33) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Study on Mass Transfer of Ash during Bamboo Powder Combustion

Takata

Umehara

Okubo

et al. 2020

J. Jpn. Inst. Energy

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“…Bamboo ash had an obviously higher content of K 2 O (34.23%) than masson pine ash (7.55%). 9 , 21 Mu et al found that some alkali metal aerosols condensed on the surface of the fly ash, either forming a sticky layer or reacting with SiO 2 and Fe 2 O 3 to produce low-melting substances. 22 The activation energy of all ash samples increased with the increase of conversion from 0.3 to 0.8 ( Figure 5 A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, masson pine ash mainly includes Fe 2 O 3 (33.60%), CaO (21.70%), K 2 O (7.55%), SO 3 (4.84%), and SiO 2 (4.34%). 9 This results in that bamboo and masson pine ashes have different melting temperatures. The fluid temperature, hemispheric temperature, softening temperature, and deformation temperature (DT) of bamboo ash are 1181.00, 1136.20, 1038.40, and 949.60 °C, whereas those of masson pine ash are 1230.80, 1160.00, 1110.40, and 1048.20 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Characteristics of Ash from Bamboo and Masson Pine Blends: Influence of Mixing Ratio and Heating Rate

Jin

Feng

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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Thermal characteristics and kinetic parameters of ash from bamboo and masson pine blends with different mixing ratios were investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer at different heating rates. The results showed that bamboo ash had lower fusion temperatures than the ash of masson pine. Mixing ratios and heating rates had a significant impact on the thermal characteristics and activation energy of ash samples. There was a synergistic interaction of chemical compositions in the bamboo and masson pine ashes. The mass loss of ash samples increased with the increase in the bamboo content of the blends. All ash samples had the maximum activation energy at the heating rate of 20 °C/min. The activation energy had a good linear correlation with mixing ratios at high conversion and heating rates. The optimum blend was suggested as 20% bamboo/80% masson pine due to its high activation energy. The results of this study are helpful to design a combustion system of bamboo and masson pine blends.

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“…The study by Zhang et al [155] proved that P can lower the melting temperature only in fly with high Al 2 O 3 content. It can be concluded that for MSWI fly ash, acidic oxides (such as SiO 2 , P 2 O 5 , and TiO 2 ) generally increase the melting temperature, whereas basic oxides (such as Na 2 O, K 2 O, MgO, CaO, and MnO 2 ) generally lower the melting temperature [156]. The amphoteric oxides of Al 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 exhibit the characteristics of an acidic oxide with respect to increasing the melting temperature, and Fe 2 O 3 exhibits the characteristics of a basic oxide in that the melting temperature is reduced.…”

Section: Melting/vitrificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of harmless treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Zhang

Fang

et al. 2020

Waste Dispos. Sustain. Energy

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Incineration is widely adopted in municipal solid waste management, which produces large amounts of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. The harmless treatment of MSWI fly ash requires the appropriate disposal of heavy metals and dioxins that are enriched in fly ash. This review summarizes recently developed harmless disposal methods for MSWI fly ash including solidification/stabilization, thermal treatment, and separation/extraction. In addition, we discuss heavy metal and dioxin fixation, and the removal capacity of fly ash via solidification/stabilization (including cement solidification, chemical stabilization, hydrothermal processes, and mechano-chemical methods), thermal treatment (including sintering, fuel-burning, or electric melting/vitrification), and separation/extraction (including water-washing, chemical reagent leaching, biological leaching, electrodialysis separation, chemical reagent extraction, and nanomaterials extraction). The advantages and disadvantages of different harmless treatment methods are compared and future research prospects and suggestions are summarized. This review provides general guidelines for the harmless treatment of MSWI fly ash in the future.

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Ash fusion characteristics of bamboo, wood and coal

Cited by 73 publications

References 30 publications

Study on Mass Transfer of Ash during Bamboo Powder Combustion

Study on Mass Transfer of Ash during Bamboo Powder Combustion

Thermal Characteristics of Ash from Bamboo and Masson Pine Blends: Influence of Mixing Ratio and Heating Rate

Review of harmless treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

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