Ascorbic acid levels in mammalian tissues and its metabolic significance

Modulation of Neurosteroid Synthesis/Accumulation by l‐Ascorbic Acid in Rat Brain Tissue: Inhibition by Selected Serotonin Antagonists

“…The L-AA concentrations (0.2-1.0 mM) that increase neurosteroid accumulation are in the range of endogenous extracellular L-AA levels found by other investigators in rat brain under various experimental conditions (Chinoy, 1972;Stamford et al, 1984). L-AA, a vitamin for many species, including human, but not rat (Rose and Bode, 1993), displays several interesting properties: (a) it shows an uneven regional brain distribution (Stamford et al, 1984;Svensson et al, 1993); (b) it is taken up and stored by brain cells (Rose and Bode, 1993); (c) it can be released from neurons by a number of stimuli (Bigelow et al, 1984;Boutelle et al, 1989;Rebec, 1990, 1993); and (d) it modulates the binding characteristics and the function of neurotransmitter receptors (Snodgrass, 1992), including those for 5-HT (Muakkassah-Kelly et al, 1982).…”

Modulation of Neurosteroid Synthesis/Accumulation by l‐Ascorbic Acid in Rat Brain Tissue: Inhibition by Selected Serotonin Antagonists

“…The L-AA concentrations (0.2-1.0 mM) that increase neurosteroid accumulation are in the range of endogenous extracellular L-AA levels found by other investigators in rat brain under various experimental conditions (Chinoy, 1972;Stamford et al, 1984). L-AA, a vitamin for many species, including human, but not rat (Rose and Bode, 1993), displays several interesting properties: (a) it shows an uneven regional brain distribution (Stamford et al, 1984;Svensson et al, 1993); (b) it is taken up and stored by brain cells (Rose and Bode, 1993); (c) it can be released from neurons by a number of stimuli (Bigelow et al, 1984;Boutelle et al, 1989;Rebec, 1990, 1993); and (d) it modulates the binding characteristics and the function of neurotransmitter receptors (Snodgrass, 1992), including those for 5-HT (Muakkassah-Kelly et al, 1982).…”

Immunohistochemical study of the distribution of sodium‐dependent vitamin C transporters in adult rat brain

“…The other brain regions in which VC levels were also estimated to be high were hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the forebrain (Milby et al, 1982). Similar distribution of VC in the cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex, and brainstem was also identified in the guinea pig (Chinoy, 1972), so VC seemed to be accumulated within very selective brain regions and not to be distributed diffusely in the entire brain.…”

The planetary biology of ascorbate and uric acid and their relationship with the epidemic of obesity and cardiovascular disease

“…These blood levels are two to four times lower than that observed in mammals that synthesize ascorbate [ 21 ]. Although the missing Lgulononolactone oxidase in humans might be a reason for somewhat lower concentration of ascorbate in the blood, its concentration in other biological fluids [ 22 ] and especially intracellular levels are much higher and in most cases comparable with the mammals that synthesize ascorbic acid [ 12,13,23,24 ] …”

Modulation of Neurosteroid Synthesis/Accumulation by l‐Ascorbic Acid in Rat Brain Tissue: Inhibition by Selected Serotonin Antagonists

“…The L-AA concentrations (0.2-1.0 mM) that increase neurosteroid accumulation are in the range of endogenous extracellular L-AA levels found by other investigators in rat brain under various experimental conditions (Chinoy, 1972;Stamford et al, 1984). L-AA, a vitamin for many species, including human, but not rat (Rose and Bode, 1993), displays several interesting properties: (a) it shows an uneven regional brain distribution (Stamford et al, 1984;Svensson et al, 1993); (b) it is taken up and stored by brain cells (Rose and Bode, 1993); (c) it can be released from neurons by a number of stimuli (Bigelow et al, 1984;Boutelle et al, 1989;Rebec, 1990, 1993); and (d) it modulates the binding characteristics and the function of neurotransmitter receptors (Snodgrass, 1992), including those for 5-HT (Muakkassah-Kelly et al, 1982).…”

Immunohistochemical study of the distribution of sodium‐dependent vitamin C transporters in adult rat brain

“…The other brain regions in which VC levels were also estimated to be high were hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the forebrain (Milby et al, 1982). Similar distribution of VC in the cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex, and brainstem was also identified in the guinea pig (Chinoy, 1972), so VC seemed to be accumulated within very selective brain regions and not to be distributed diffusely in the entire brain.…”

The planetary biology of ascorbate and uric acid and their relationship with the epidemic of obesity and cardiovascular disease

“…These blood levels are two to four times lower than that observed in mammals that synthesize ascorbate [ 21 ]. Although the missing Lgulononolactone oxidase in humans might be a reason for somewhat lower concentration of ascorbate in the blood, its concentration in other biological fluids [ 22 ] and especially intracellular levels are much higher and in most cases comparable with the mammals that synthesize ascorbic acid [ 12,13,23,24 ] …”

Modulation of Neurosteroid Synthesis/Accumulation by l‐Ascorbic Acid in Rat Brain Tissue: Inhibition by Selected Serotonin Antagonists

“…The L-AA concentrations (0.2-1.0 mM) that increase neurosteroid accumulation are in the range of endogenous extracellular L-AA levels found by other investigators in rat brain under various experimental conditions (Chinoy, 1972;Stamford et al, 1984). L-AA, a vitamin for many species, including human, but not rat (Rose and Bode, 1993), displays several interesting properties: (a) it shows an uneven regional brain distribution (Stamford et al, 1984;Svensson et al, 1993); (b) it is taken up and stored by brain cells (Rose and Bode, 1993); (c) it can be released from neurons by a number of stimuli (Bigelow et al, 1984;Boutelle et al, 1989;Rebec, 1990, 1993); and (d) it modulates the binding characteristics and the function of neurotransmitter receptors (Snodgrass, 1992), including those for 5-HT (Muakkassah-Kelly et al, 1982).…”

Immunohistochemical study of the distribution of sodium‐dependent vitamin C transporters in adult rat brain

“…The other brain regions in which VC levels were also estimated to be high were hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the forebrain (Milby et al, 1982). Similar distribution of VC in the cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex, and brainstem was also identified in the guinea pig (Chinoy, 1972), so VC seemed to be accumulated within very selective brain regions and not to be distributed diffusely in the entire brain.…”

The planetary biology of ascorbate and uric acid and their relationship with the epidemic of obesity and cardiovascular disease

“…These blood levels are two to four times lower than that observed in mammals that synthesize ascorbate [ 21 ]. Although the missing Lgulononolactone oxidase in humans might be a reason for somewhat lower concentration of ascorbate in the blood, its concentration in other biological fluids [ 22 ] and especially intracellular levels are much higher and in most cases comparable with the mammals that synthesize ascorbic acid [ 12,13,23,24 ] …”