As representações sociais dos usuários dos serviços de saúde sobre o homem na enfermagem

Abstract

RESUMOA predominância do sexo feminino na Enfermagem é histórica e ainda perceptível. O homem nessa atividade se fez presente em vários momentos históricos e ainda o é em outras culturas, mas em âmbito nacional não atinge 15%. Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção dos usuários do sistema de saúde da cidade de Sorocaba, São Paulo -Unidade de Saúde da Família e hospital -sobre a presença e a assistência de Enfermagem realizada pelo profissional do sexo masculino. Método: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista oral, gravada, orientada por uma questão norteadora, além de formulário sociodemográfico. Os depoimentos foram organizados segundo o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, analisados e interpretados por meio da análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: Os depoentes predominantemente foram mulheres com mais de 30 anos de idade, ensino fundamental completo e casadas. Perceberam a tendência crescente masculina na Enfermagem e associaram a força física ao profissional masculino, reforçando a concepção de trabalho manual e feminino da profissão de Enfermagem. Sentiram-se constrangidas na presença do homem, mas revelaram a importância da competência profissional para atenuar o constrangimento diante da assistência masculina em situações de exames específicos da mulher. Conclusão: Apesar da inserção incipiente masculina na Enfermagem, observou-se que ainda há barreiras e paradigmas a serem desmistificados e superados, incluindo o preconceito. Detectou-se a escassez de estudos acerca dessa temática e espera-se, com a expansão da Atenção Básica à Saúde, que a visibilidade social do homem exercendo a Enfermagem aumente. Palavras-chave: enfermagem; enfermeiros; fatores sociológicos. ABSTRACTThe predominance of women in Nursing is historical and still noticeable. The man in this activity was present in several historical moments and still is in other cultures, but in the national scope he does not reach 15 percent. Objective: This study aimed to know the perception of users of the health system of the city of Sorocaba, São Paulo -Family and Hospital Health Unit -about the presence and assistance of Nursing performed by the male professional. Method: This was a descriptive, exploratory, qualitative approach. Data collection was performed through oral interview, recorded, guided by a guiding questionnaire and a sociodemographic form. The statements were organized according to the Discourse of the Collective Subject, analyzed and interpreted through content analysis, thematic modality. Results: The predominantly female deponents were women over 30 years, with complete elementary school and married. They perceived the growing masculine tendency in Nursing and associated physical strength to the male professional, reinforcing the conception of manual and feminine work of the Nursing profession. They felt embarrassed in the presence of a man, but revealed the importance of professional competence to alleviate the embarrassment in the face of male assistance ...

The nurse’s professional identity on the Primary Health Care users perception

“…In Brazil, data from the Nursing Profile Research (22) show that 86.2% of higher education nursing professionals are women. It stands out that, although, since 1990, men have increasingly entered in this field, performing this activity which, up to 1980, was predominantly feminine (23) , nursing has only been established as a profession due to the pioneer and revolutionary work of women. Worldwide, Florence Nightingale (8,24) and, in Brazil, Anna Nery, stand out as notable and influential historic personalities.…”

“…This is still true today, considering the social understanding of nurses. However, since the society we live in is structurally sexist and patriarchal, the work carried out by women was, for a long time, not seen as an occupation, in addition to being socially and financially undervalued (5,23) . The work of the nurse has also been influenced by this, especially because the object of their work, care, is represented as a feminine activity, since it has long been thought that only women had adequate characteristics to provide this service -not to mention that, in its historic journey, nursing has lacked a scientific and professional character (15,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28) .…”

“…Other works in literature also show a lack of knowledge on the part of health service users with regard to the differences among nursing professionals (14)(15)(16)(17)23,(28)(29)(30) . Some studies state that this lack of knowledge is also present in the nursing team itself and in other health team professionals (2,(28)(29) .…”

“…An interesting contradiction emerges from a joint analysis of the characteristics associated to the profile of the nurse and the actions that the nurse can execute: the population believes that the nurse, in spite of being competent and having technical and scientific knowledge, is not capable of directing health services, carrying out consultations, or prescribing drugs. The social stigma of auxiliary/submissive contributes to this perception (15)(16)(17)23) .…”

Validação do conteúdo do instrumento de triagem e classificação de risco utilizado nas unidades de pronto atendimento

“…Observou-se a predominância de especialistas do sexo feminino, corroborando com outros estudo 8,9 . Isso se explica pelo fato de que na enfermagem ainda prevalece o gênero feminino, evidenciando a caracterização da atuação de mulheres nesta categoria profissional 10 .…”