Artificial radionuclides in the Yellow Sea: Inputs and redistribution

Hong, Gi Hoon; Chung, Chang-Soo; Lee, S.-H.; Kim, S.H.; Baskaran, M.; Lee, H.M.; Kim, Y.I.; Kim, C.K.; Yang, Danfeng

doi:10.1016/s1569-4860(05)08007-1

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The activity concentrations of 90 Sr and 137 Cs in deep seawaters were in the range of <0.284e1.21 mBq/kg and <0.94e2.21 mBq/kg, respectively (Table A.2), showing the same level as the result found in the East Sea/Japan Sea , the Asia-Pacific regional seas (Duran et al, 2004) and the Yellow Sea (Hong et al, 2006). The activity concentrations of 239þ240 Pu in deep seawaters ranged from 1.71 to 25.8 mBq/kg and the atom ratios of 240 Pu/ 239 Pu were in the range of 0.204e0.266.…”

Section: Seawater Samplesupporting

confidence: 72%

Radiological impact in Korea following the Fukushima nuclear accident

Kim

Byun

Chae

et al. 2012

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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Section: Seawater Samplesupporting

confidence: 72%

Radiological impact in Korea following the Fukushima nuclear accident

Kim

Byun

Chae

et al. 2012

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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“…In the past decades, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate source terms, transport, and scavenging and deposition processes of Pu isotopes in China marginal seas (Hong et al, 2006;Huh & Su, 1999;Lee et al, 2003;Liu et al, 2011;Nagaya & Nakamura, 1992;Pan et al, 2011;Su & Huh, 2002;Wang et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2017;Wu et al, 2014;Zheng & Yamada, 2006). [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] However, most of these studies concentrated in the East China Sea ESC and the Yangtze River Estuary.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary record of plutonium in the North Yellow Sea and the response to catchment environmental changes of inflow rivers

Pan

Gao

et al. 2018

Chemosphere

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Plutonium (Pu) isotopes were first determined in surface and core sediment samples collected from the northern North Yellow Sea (NYS) to elucidate their source terms and deposition process as well as the response to catchment environmental changes of inflow rivers. Pu/Pu atom ratios in all sediments showed the typical global fallout value of ∼0.18 without any influences from the nuclear weapons tests conducted recently in the North Korea or early in the Pacific Proving Ground. The large variation of Pu activities (0.022-0.515 mBq/g) observed in surface sediments should be mainly attributed to the re-suspension and transportation of fine sediments influenced by the Liaonan Costal Current. Based on the twoPu depth profiles with easily observed onset fallout levels (1952) and global fallout peaks (1963), Pu served as a valid time mark in the coastal sedimentary system. Riverine input Pu contributed only 15-27% to the total global fallout inventory (92.5-108.8 Bq/m) in the northern NYS, much lower than that in the Yangtze River estuary (77-80%), indicating a better soil conservation in the northeast China due to higher forest coverage compared to the Yangtze River's drainage basin. The increase of riverine input Pu after 1980s reflected the more intense soil erosion degree caused by the land use and cover change due to the increment of human activities in the northeast China at the same period. Our results demonstrated that plutonium is a good indicator for studying sedimentary process and its response to the environment in the coastal area.

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“…The average 239+240 Pu activity in the surface sediments of Baohai Bay is 0.497 ± 0.269 mBq/g and in Liaodong Bay it is 0.343 ± 0.276 mBq/g (Zhuang et al 2019). The average 239+240 Pu activity in the surface sediments of the Yellow Sea is 0.23 mBq/g (Nagaya and Nakamura 1992;Hong et al 2006), which is lower than that of the Bohai Sea (Baohai Bay and Liaodong Bay). In addition, previous studies have reported that the average 239+240 Pu activity in the surface sediments in the southern South China Sea is 0.625 mBq/g (Wu et al 2014;Wang et al 2019a), which is the highest 239+240 Pu activity in the seas of China.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Relationship between 239+240 Pu activity and 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratio in the surface sediments of different seas and estuaries of China. Su and Huh 2002;Lee et al 2003;Wang and Yamada 2005;Hong et al 2006;Zheng and Yamada 2006;Liu et al 2011a;Pan et al 2011;Wu et al 2014;Wang et al 2017;Wang et al 2019b;Zhuang et al 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two main input channels of Pu isotopes in the ocean: one is global fallout from atmospheric nuclear tests ( 240 Pu/ 239 Pu = 0.179 ± 0.019) (Kelley et al 1999), and the other is from the United States nuclear test sites in the Marshall islands in the Pacific Ocean (Pacific Proving Grounds, PPG) (Muramatsu et al 2001) ( 240 Pu/ 239 ). In the past decades, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate source terms, transport, and scavenging and deposition processes of Pu isotopes in an inland sea (Bohai Sea), three marginal seas (Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea), and some estuaries of China (Huh and Su 1999;Su and Huh 2002;Lee et al 2003;Wang and Yamada 2005;Hong et al 2006;Zheng and Yamada 2006;Dong et al 2010;Liu et al 2011a;Pan et al 2011;Wu et al 2014Wu et al , 2020Wang et al 2017;Wang et al 2019aWang et al , 2019bXu et al 2018;Guan et al 2020;Zhang et al 2020) (Table 1). In particular, many previous studies have also reported that the sources of Pu in the marginal seas of China are mainly from extensive atmospheric nuclear weapons tests since 1945 and close-in fallout from the PPG (where a series of US nuclear tests were conducted in the 1940s-1950s) through ocean currents and water masses based on 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratios (0.30-0.36) (Huh and Su 1999;Su and Huh 2002;Lee et al 2003;Wang and Yamada 2005;Hong et al 2006;Zheng and Yamada 2006;Dong et al 2010;Liu et al 2011a;Pan et al 2011;Wu et al 2014…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and source of Pu in the sediments of the seas and estuaries of China—a review

Wang

2020

Anthropocene Coasts

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The coastal zone is the most concentrated area of human activities, and it is also the main accumulation zone of continental sediments, which is an ideal area for studying anthropocene sedimentary records. This study summarizes the distribution of 239+240Pu activity, 239+240Pu inventory, and 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios in the sediments of the seas and estuaries of China. Studies have shown that the distribution of 239+240Pu activity in sediments is mainly influenced by sediment properties and ocean current dynamics. Furthermore, 239+240Pu activity in sediment cores has obvious peak characteristics, which can be used in sediment dating. In fact, 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios indicate that the Pu in the sediments of the seas and estuaries of China mainly comes from global fallout and the Pacific Proving Grounds (PPG). Pu from the PPG enters the seas of China through the North Equatorial Current and Kuroshio intrusion current. And the contribution of Pu from the PPG in the East China Sea, the South China Sea, and the Yangtze estuary is over 40%. Moreover, Pu has been applied in the tracer of land–sea interactions and ocean dynamics, and it can be used as a background value to study the changes of Pu in the coastal zone of China in the future.

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Artificial radionuclides in the Yellow Sea: Inputs and redistribution

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Radiological impact in Korea following the Fukushima nuclear accident

Radiological impact in Korea following the Fukushima nuclear accident

Sedimentary record of plutonium in the North Yellow Sea and the response to catchment environmental changes of inflow rivers

Distribution and source of Pu in the sediments of the seas and estuaries of China—a review

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