Artificial Organic Host Molecules for Anions

Chromogenic and fluorogenic chemosensors and reagents for anions. A comprehensive review of the year 2009

“…145,146 Based in this phenomenon several sensing protocols have been described in recent years for both anion and cations and in the field of biomacromolecule analysis. 147,148 The AuNPs containing a novel p-sulfonatocalix [4]arene derivative attached to the gold surface via thiol groups (103, Figure 38) were used as colorimetric probe for the detection of A second example that uses selective aggregation of AuNPs is based on the Griess reaction for the selective detection of NO 2 -anion ( Figure 39). 150 Two types of AuNPs were prepared, AuNPs containing aniline groups (104) and AuNPs containing naphthalene moieties (105).…”

“…Anion supramolecular chemistry involves the development and use of selective anion receptors. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In fact, today a large number of coordination studies can be found in the literature describing a wide range of different ligands for anion coordination mainly involving hydrogen bonding, [15][16][17][18][19] electrostatic interactions [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] or coordination with suitable metal cations. [28][29][30][31][32][33] The nature of the binding sites and their specific spatial arrangement determine the binding constant with a certain anion and usually selective coordination can be found when a large host-guest complementarity is reached.…”

“…Related with the use of lanthanide complexes in anion signaling two basic mechanism have been reported (i) perturbation, upon anion binding, of the rate of the energy transfer from the antenna to the lanthanide center and (ii) the displacement of water molecules from the coordination sphere of the lanthanide centre by anions, in both cases resulting in changes in the emission intensity of the lanthanide complex. 197,198 The lanthanide heteropentanuclear complexes [Al 3 (Mq) 4 namely negligible changes upon the addition of one equivalent of anion followed by a substantial quenching and a bathochromic shift upon addition of more equivalents.…”

A TD‐DFT study on the cyanide‐chemosensing mechanism of 8‐formyl‐7‐hydroxycoumarin

“…6 Among the various chemosensors, fluorescent chemosensors have many advantages, including high sensitivity, low cost, ease of detection, and suitability as diagnostic tools for biological concerns. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Different anions can be easily discerned with the naked eye by virtue of the distinct fluorescence wavelengths that they elicit. 14 Unfortunately, this spectroscopic technique provides only indirect information about spectrophotometrical properties and geometries involved in the sensing process.…”

Colorimetric sensing of anions in water using ratiometric indicator-displacement assay

“…More importantly, the anions have a relatively high free energy of salvation, which indicates that the receptors have to compete with the medium efficiently. This effect is particularly significant in water [24]. Therefore, there is a clear need to develop new methods for the determination of these anions, not only for monitoring industrial wastewater discharge, but also from the human health perspective.…”