Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and Machine-Learning

Abstract

Water scarcity has been escalating both in terms of frequency and severity, owing to climate change and global warming. Furthermore, water is a vital source that is at the core of crucial sectors like agriculture. Yet, this source is labeled scarce, and its distribution is uneven globally. For the aforementioned reasons, achieving a rational use of water is of utmost importance. In this framework, computational intelligence like artificial intelligence (AI), the internet of things (IoT), and machine-learning, has been gaining momentum for implementing smart irrigation and precision agriculture. Thus, the chapter surveys a selection of recent studies, corroborating AI, IoT, and machine-learning as promising approaches to advance agriculture. The chapter also sheds light on the notion of virtual water, proposes strategies to deal with water scarcity, and highlights the essential components to achieve effective smart irrigation, thereby switching toward an innovative model of sustainable digital agriculture.