Artificial intelligence in medical education: Are we ready for it?

BACKGROUND As medicine and the delivery of healthcare enters the age of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the need for competent human–machine interaction to aid clinical decisions will rise. Medical students need to be sufficiently proficient in AI, its advantages to improve healthcare's expenses, quality, and access. Similarly, students must be educated about the shortfalls of AI such as bias, transparency, and liability. Overlooking a technology that will be transformative for the foreseeable future would place medical students at a disadvantage. However, there has been little interest in researching a proper method to implement AI in the medical education curriculum. This study aims to review the current literature that covers the attitudes of medical students towards AI, implementation of AI in the medical curriculum, and describe the need for more research in this area. METHODS An integrative review was performed to combine data from various research designs and literature. Pubmed, Medline (Ovid), GoogleScholar, and Web of Science articles between 2010 and 2020 were all searched with particular inclusion and exclusion criteria. Full text of the selected articles was analyzed using the Extension of Technology Acceptance Model and the Diffusions of Innovations theory. Data were successively pooled together, recorded, and analyzed quantitatively using a modified Hawkings evaluation form. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was utilized to help improve reporting. RESULTS A total of 39 articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified. Primary assessments of medical students attitudes were identified (n = 5). Plans to implement AI in the curriculum for the purpose of teaching students about AI (n = 6) and articles reporting actual implemented changes (n = 2) were assessed. Finally, 26 articles described the need for more research on this topic or calling for the need of change in medical curriculum to anticipate AI in healthcare. CONCLUSIONS There are few plans or implementations reported on how to incorporate AI in the medical curriculum. Medical schools must work together to create a longitudinal study and initiative on how to successfully equip medical students with knowledge in AI.

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“…Artificial intelligence in radiology: who's afraid of the big bad wolf? 39 Gallix B, Chong J. 2019 2…”

Section: Call For Research Of Ai In Medical Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educating Future Physicians in Artificial Intelligence (AI): An Integrative Review and Proposed Changes

Grunhut

Wyatt

Marques

2021

Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development

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“…What should multidisciplinary teaching teams look like? 9,12 Integrated efforts of humans and AI can outperform humans or machines working independently in cognitive tasks. 13 Thus, to provide high quality patient care, physicians should be trained to work effectively with AI applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are We Ready to Integrate Artificial Intelligence Literacy into Medical School Curriculum: Students and Faculty Survey

Wood

Ange

Miller

2021

Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development

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Background: The effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology applications are already felt in healthcare in general and in the practice of medicine in the disciplines of radiology, pathology, ophthalmology, and oncology. The expanding interface between digital data science, emerging AI technologies and healthcare is creating a demand for AI technology literacy in health professions. Objective: To assess medical student and faculty attitudes toward AI, in preparation for teaching AI foundations and data science applications in clinical practice in an integrated medical education curriculum. Methods: An online 15-question semi-structured survey was distributed among medical students and faculty. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts: participant’s background, AI awareness, and attitudes toward AI applications in medicine. Results: A total of 121 medical students and 52 clinical faculty completed the survey. Only 30% of students and 50% of faculty responded that they were aware of AI topics in medicine. The majority of students (72%) and faculty (59%) learned about AI from the media. Faculty were more likely to report that they did not have a basic understanding of AI technologies (χ2, P = .031). Students were more interested in AI in patient care training, while faculty were more interested in AI in teaching training (χ2, P = .001). Additionally, students and faculty reported comparable attitudes toward AI, limited AI literacy and time constraints in the curriculum. There is interest in broad and deep AI topics. Our findings in medical learners and teaching faculty parallel other published professional groups’ AI survey results. Conclusions: The survey conclusively proved interest among medical students and faculty in AI technology in general, and in its applications in healthcare and medicine. The study was conducted at a single institution. This survey serves as a foundation for other medical schools interested in developing a collaborative programming approach to address AI literacy in medical education.

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“…Only then can we truly understand the scope of challenges facing AI-based healthcare and push the technology forward. Academia will certainly play a role in this shift, because adequate skills for reasoning about AI are blatantly lacking in undergraduate medical training and only available much later in a medical career (3) . Medical educators need to rethink how they prepare future generations of physicians, because the latter will carry the burden of keeping AI systems in check, identifying their limitations and pitfalls, thus safeguarding the interests of patients.…”

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confidence: 99%

Knowledge is power - keeping radiology relevant in the age of AI-based healthcare

Pinto

2021

Radiol Bras

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Artificial intelligence in medical education: Are we ready for it?

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

Educating Future Physicians in Artificial Intelligence (AI): An Integrative Review and Proposed Changes

Educating Future Physicians in Artificial Intelligence (AI): An Integrative Review and Proposed Changes

Are We Ready to Integrate Artificial Intelligence Literacy into Medical School Curriculum: Students and Faculty Survey

Knowledge is power - keeping radiology relevant in the age of AI-based healthcare

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