Artificial Engineering of Immune Cells for Improved Immunotherapy

Li, Chuxin; Qi, Yong‐Dan; Chen, Yingge; Feng, Jun; Zhang, Xian‐Zheng

doi:10.1002/anbr.202000081

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Within the smaged tissues, the HSCs undergo modifications to become either dendritic cells or tissue macrophages. [30,63,64] Migration of monocytes and macrophages toward inflamed or tumor tissues is mediated by chemoattractive gradients released by tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment. Molecules that create the chemoattrcive gradients include CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CC-chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), and colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1).…”

Section: Biogenesis Of Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage Cell Membrane‐Cloaked Nanoplatforms for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2022

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Biomimetic approaches utilize natural cell membrane-derived nanovesicles to camouflage nanoparticles to circumvent some limitations of nanoscale materials. This emergent cell membrane-coating technology is inspired by naturally occurring intercellular interactions, to efficiently guide nanostructures to the desired locations, thereby increasing both therapeutic efficacy and safety. In addition, the intrinsic biocompatibility of cell membranes allows the crossing of biological barriers and avoids elimination by the immune system. This results in enhanced blood circulation time and lower toxicity in vivo. Macrophages are the major phagocytic cells of the innate immune system. They are equipped with a complex repertoire of surface receptors, enabling them to respond to biological signals, and to exhibit a natural tropism to inflammatory sites and tumorous tissues. Macrophage cell membranefunctionalized nanosystems are designed to combine the advantages of both macrophages and nanomaterials, improving the ability of those nanosystems to reach target sites. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of these biomimetic nanosystems for targeted delivery of drugs and imaging agents to tumors, inflammatory, and infected sites. The present review covers the preparation and biomedical applications of macrophage cell membranecoated nanosystems. Challenges and future perspectives in the development of these membrane-coated nanosystems are addressed.

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Section: Biogenesis Of Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage Cell Membrane‐Cloaked Nanoplatforms for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2022

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“…Precise emulation and understanding of such phenomena grant the advancement of spatiotemporal on-demand therapy and provide unprecedented insight to the field of nanobiomedicine. In this section, up-todate studies of magnetic in situ stem cell regulation [87,88] and immunoregulation [89] are classified based on the controlled nanoscale system parameters. Typically, studies that dynamically change the "inherent features" of the magnetic system are sorted as "magnetic control of dynamic nanoscale features."…”

Section: Magnetic In Situ Stem Cell Regulation and Immunoregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Precise emulation and understanding of such phenomena grant the advancement of spatiotemporal on‐demand therapy and provide unprecedented insight to the field of nanobiomedicine. In this section, up‐to‐date studies of magnetic in situ stem cell regulation [ 87,88 ] and immunoregulation [ 89 ] are classified based on the controlled nanoscale system parameters. Typically, studies that dynamically change the “inherent features” of the magnetic system are sorted as “magnetic control of dynamic nanoscale features.” Moreover, those that dynamically regulate the “nanoscale accessibility” of the cells via change of physical cues are categorized under “magnetic control of nanoscale accessibility.” Researches also controlled the differentiation of embryonic stem cells [ 90,91 ] toward regenerative therapies.…”

Section: Magnetic In Situ Stem Cell Regulation and Immunoregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Dynamic Imaging and Therapy

Hong

Choi

et al. 2022

Advanced NanoBiomed Research

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Dynamic therapy is a key research area for noninvasive clinical therapeutics. Up to now, light, electricity, ultrasound, and magnetic field have been investigated for the potential remote cellular regulation tools. Opening ion channels, activating cell death, and manipulating individual receptors that can control various cellular signal pathways have been suggested using external energy forms that can be dynamically applied in situ, which advance from the static control strategies. [1][2][3][4] For instance, optogenetics using light [5,6] have greatly advanced cellular modulation over the past decades, especially for neuromodulation. [7] Other energy sources have also been demonstrated with promising potential for regulating cellular metabolism and death. However, controlling the penetration and localization of energy sources (e.g., light and electricity) in tissues and cells have been challenging for in vivo applications. On the other hand, a magnetic field can safely penetrate deep tissues, which is particularly relevant for clinical applications. Consequently, utilizing the magnetic field to manipulate the MNPs is emerging as an effective approach to dynamically regulate cellular activity. [8] Recent advancements of multifunctional MNPs, spintronics, and magnetogenetics have enabled precise modulation of magnetic field gradients and pulses to remotely control the movement, heat generation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of the MNPs (Figure 1).Engineering multifunctional magnetic particles is the key requirement to achieve desired biomedical applications. [9][10][11] In the past 20 years, MNPs have received increasing attention

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“…T lymphocytes provoke the ultimate and most powerful antitumor immune response; thus, they are considered the most promising approach in tumor treatment. , CAR-T therapy is one of the most well-known examples of cell-based immunotherapy . By exploiting genetic engineering technologies, CAR-T specifically recognizes targeted antigens, maintains robust efficacy, and assists with in situ lymphocyte response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 CAR-T therapy is one of the most well-known examples of cellbased immunotherapy. 3 By exploiting genetic engineering technologies, CAR-T specifically recognizes targeted antigens, maintains robust efficacy, and assists with in situ lymphocyte response. CAR-T cells have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma; however, several obstacles limit the efficacy of CAR-T therapy for solid tumor patients, such as systemic toxicity, lower tumor infiltration efficiency, and complex preparation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Customized Multifunctional Peptide Hydrogel Scaffolds for CAR-T-Cell Rapid Proliferation and Solid Tumor Immunotherapy

Jie

Mao

Cao

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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CAR-T-cell therapies must be expanded to obtain a large number of effector cells quickly, and the current technology cannot address this challenge. A longer operational time would lose or alter the function and phenotype of CAR-T cells in response to therapy, and it also causes a loss in the optimal treatment time for patients. At present, lower survival time and homing efficiency reduce the antitumor effect of CAR-T in vivo. But nobody has solved these two issues in one system, which has a similar microenvironment of lymphoid organs to activate/expand cell delivery for immunotherapy. Here, we generated artificial, customized immune cell matrix scaffolds based on a self-assembling peptide to preserve and augment the cell phenotype in light of the characteristics of CAR-T. The all-in-one nanoscale matrix scaffolds reduced the processing time of CAR-T to 3 days and resulted in over a 10-fold increase compared with the traditional protocol. The cells were combined to modulate mechanotransduction and chemical signals, and the mimic matrix scaffolds showed optimal stiffness and adhesive ligand density, thereby accelerating CAR-T-cell proliferation. Meanwhile, engineering CAR-T-secreted intrinsic PD-1 blocking single-chain variable fragments (scFv) further increased cell proliferation and cytotoxicity by resisting the self and tumor microenvironment in a paracrine and autocrine manner. Local delivery of CAR-T cells from the scaffolds significantly enabled long-term retention, suppressed tumor growth, and increased infiltration of effector T cells compared with traditional CAR-T treatment. The application of bioengineering and genetic engineering approaches has led to the development of rapid culture environments that can control matrix scaffold properties for CAR-T-cell and cancer immunotherapies.

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Artificial Engineering of Immune Cells for Improved Immunotherapy

Cited by 6 publications

References 113 publications

Macrophage Cell Membrane‐Cloaked Nanoplatforms for Biomedical Applications

Macrophage Cell Membrane‐Cloaked Nanoplatforms for Biomedical Applications

Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Dynamic Imaging and Therapy

Customized Multifunctional Peptide Hydrogel Scaffolds for CAR-T-Cell Rapid Proliferation and Solid Tumor Immunotherapy

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