Artificial carbonate rocks: Synthesis and petrophysical characterization

Fedrizzi, Raquel Machado; Ceia, Marco; Misságia, Roseane M.; Santos, Victor Hugo; Neto, Irineu Lima

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2017.12.089

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In addition to the information reported by Florez et al (2019), some recent works were found from 2017 to 2019, aiming at the same approach (Fedrizzi et al, 2018;Luo et al 2018;Wang et al 2017). Wang et al (2017), during the construction process, embedded NaCl grains (1.45, 1.66, 2.9 and 5.8 g) of average particle size of 3 mm and aluminum (18,27,36 and 45 foils) with radius of 1.5 mm and a thickness of 20 lm into a blend of mass ratio 50:1 composed of carbonate drilling cuttings with average grain size of 120 lm and epoxy resin (epoxy type GCC135 and curing agent W93).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Additionally, the chemical nature of epoxy resin as bonding material could change the chemical properties of the constructed samples, a fact that can affect the fluid-rock interaction tests such as wettability measurements. Fedrizzi et al (2018) reported the construction of carbonate rocks using aggregates (calcite and sand), Portland cement (20, 30, 40, 50, 60% w/w relative to the aggregates' weight) and water (10, 15, 20, 30, 40% w/w relative to the aggregates' weight). In this work, the main basic petrophysical characteristics of these samples (porosity and absolute permeability) and the relationship with the amount of cementing material were investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary analyses of synthetic carbonate plugs: consolidation, petrophysical and wettability properties

Florez¹,

Ferrari²

2021

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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Synthetic plugs are available to understand oilfield properties and the behavior of oil in reservoirs where natural plugs cannot be extracted. Specifically, in cases where it is necessary to reproduce representative mineralogical and petrophysical characteristics from carbonate reservoirs, it is evident that there is a lack of publications focusing on synthetic plug construction. In this work, a methodology to construct synthetic carbonate plugs is proposed using disintegrated carbonate rock with controlled particle size, mixed in different weight fraction, uniaxial compaction with controlled load force velocity, pH, temperature, and bonding materials. Preliminary analysis of consolidation (basic consolidation and consolidation by water immersion test), wettability (contact angle measurements) and petrophysical properties (nitrogen expansion porosimetry measurements and theoretical porosity calculation) are reported in this study to determine which composition of the synthetic samples provides similar properties compared to that expected for natural rocks from carbonate reservoirs. Two compositions are recommended to construct synthetic samples: Composition 1 with a total quantity of 100 g of base material (50% w/w of <20 μm, 50% w/w of 20–74 μm) + 5% w/w of amide wax (relative to 100 g of base material) + 6% w/w (relative to 100 g of base material) of pH 3 hydrochloric acid solution; and Composition 2 with a total quantity of 100 g of base material (50% w/w of 150–300 μm, 50% w/w of 300–600 μm) + 5% w/w (relative to 100 g of base material) of amide wax + 6% w/w (relative to 100 g of base material) of pH 3 hydrochloric acid solution. In addition to the compositions, it is necessary to follow the reported procedure based on the uniaxial compaction with controlled load force (200 kN) and velocity (25 mm/min) and the sample’s drying temperature of 100 °C for 1 h aiming to obtain similar samples. These preliminary results will guide further dedicated petrophysical and wettability analysis to deeply understanding these sample’s properties and enhance the construction of synthetic samples more similar to the natural rocks from carbonate reservoirs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary analyses of synthetic carbonate plugs: consolidation, petrophysical and wettability properties

Florez¹,

Ferrari²

2021

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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“…Artificial rock samples are created either by filling moulds or by 3D printing using a material chosen to produce a rocksimulating specimen. The main advantages of artificial rock materials is that the specimens are more homogeneous, cracks can be introduced of known position and geometry and they are cheaper (Fedrizzi et al 2018). An investigation into crack growth showed that cracks could be created in Fig.…”

Section: Artificial Rock Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Validity of the Use of Artificial Specimens for Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Rocks

2019

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The field of rock mechanics is concerned with the response of rocks to the forces acting on them, characterizing this behaviour in specific environments and under varying loading conditions. This review discusses the suitability of current mechanical testing methods for inhomogeneous rock bodies, with a specific focus on the use of artificial samples in place of real rocks in these tests. The use of artificial materials such as cement, resins, and sand-based mixtures is reviewed, as is the manufacture of three-dimensionally printed samples. The benefits and drawbacks of using such specimens in mechanical tests, and the validity of their simulation of real rock are discussed. There is evidence that 3D-printed samples have the advantage of overcoming the problems of specimen reproducibility and also make possible the ability to test the response of specific defects to loading. There is thus great potential for the use of 3D printing in this field. However, the review concludes that further post-processing and careful thought about the materials used must be carried out to ensure that printed samples are of adequate strength and brittleness to accurately simulate real rocks.

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“…Also, some studies exist about uniaxial compression applied on Portland cement-quartz samples (Fattahpour et al 2014) (Saidi, Bernabé, and Reuschlé 2003), there is limited details about the change of elastic moduli of such samples under hydrostatic compression. Recently, artificial sandstones made with Portland cement have been used to build artificial carbonate rocks for investigating petrophysical characterization of natural carbonate rocks (Fedrizzi et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Poroelastic Characteristics and Permeability in Artificial Sandstones Undergoing Inelastic Deformation

Hajzaman,

Moosavi

2023

Preprint

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This study investigates saturated artificial sandstones' Poroelastic and permeability properties. Artificial sandstones were preferred because they were capable of manipulating porosity, particle size, and cement content. Various methods were developed to investigate drained jacketed Poroelastic parameter evolution in both elastic and inelastic domains, including Biot's coefficient, permeability, bulk, pore, and solid constituent moduli. Poroelastic characteristics are stress-dependent and nonlinear, up to 10 MPa effective stress. After the first stage, linear volumetric compaction and elastic moduli degradation continue until pore collapse. Porosity-stress graphs of some samples show inflection points that match the Hertzian fracture theory's prediction for grain crushing and pore collapse. The nonlinearity of Poroelastic moduli and permeability progression upon pore collapse has been demonstrated. Following the pore collapse, the primary factor influencing the bulk compressibility is the solid matrix deformation. Comparing Biot's coefficient values from two paths proves that solid components' jacketed bulk modulus is identical to the sample's unjacketed bulk modulus. Rock permeability is periodically measured based on effective stress, showing a greater drop at low effective stresses due to microcrack closure. Permeability sensitivity to effective stress (ɣ) and porosity (α) exponents were measured. The results show that effective stress affects permeability primarily through pore compressibility. The study found a numerical value of 0.67<γ×10-2<4.45 and 1.83<α<4.84 before pore collapse, and 3<γ×10-2<24 and 4.61<α<17.63 following pore collapse. Results show that GAMA is more stress-dependent than α post-pore collapse. This observation suggests that the permeability in high-stress conditions is predominantly influenced by cumulative damage rather than the compressibility of pores.

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Artificial carbonate rocks: Synthesis and petrophysical characterization

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Preliminary analyses of synthetic carbonate plugs: consolidation, petrophysical and wettability properties

Preliminary analyses of synthetic carbonate plugs: consolidation, petrophysical and wettability properties

Review of the Validity of the Use of Artificial Specimens for Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Rocks

Evolution of Poroelastic Characteristics and Permeability in Artificial Sandstones Undergoing Inelastic Deformation

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