Arteriovenous fistulas in renal transplants: Color Doppler ultrasound observations

Treatment of an extracapsular post‐renal biopsy pseudoaneurysm with ultrasound‐guided thrombin injection

“…[1][2][3] Currently, color flow Doppler ultrasound is the main diagnostic modality for identification of vascular complications. On color flow Doppler ultrasound, AV fistulas will demonstrate high velocity in the feeding artery, decreased resistive index, and arterialization of the draining vein.…”

“…Studies have shown many will resolve spontaneously. [1][2][3] The natural history of a post-biopsy pseudoaneurysm in a patient on anticoagulation has not been studied. We present a case of a patient on anticoagulation who developed an extracapsular pseudoaneurysm after renal allograft biopsy who we treated with ultrasoundguided thrombin injection.…”

Arteriovenous fistula of the kidney: a case report of 47-year-old female patient treated by embolisation

“…This method is also suitable for detection of arteriovenous fistula following kidney allograft biopsy. [9][10][11] Spiral computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging may be useful in detecting arteriovenous fistulas, although the definite diagnosis of arteriovenous malformations must be confirmed by angiography. 12,13 Hypertension is found in about 40-50% of patients with renal fistulae and may be caused by local renal ischaemia resulting from a short circuit of blood with increased renin secretion.…”

Comments and extensions to EFSUMB guidelines on renal interventional ultrasound (INVUS).

“…Interventional embolization and coiling of the feeder vessel or the aneurysm itself are rarely required. Malignant conversion with total or partial organ loss, is rare [25,66,[70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81].…”