Armadillo meat intake was not associated with leprosy in a case control study, Curitiba (Brazil)

Schmitt, Juliano Vilaverde; Dechandt, Ivone T.; Dopke, Gisele; Ribas, Maria Luiza; Cerci, Felipe B.; Viesi, Juliana Maria Zucco; Marchioro, Helena Zenedin; Zunino, Mariana Martins Bardou; Miot, Hélio Amante

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762010000700003

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This form of infection with M. leprae may account for many of the cases in areas where the disease is endemic, in which people born in the United States who have had no known contact with people affected by the disease are diagnosed. The correlation between HD infection in humans and contact with armadillos has been demonstrated previously in studies in the United States and Brazil (49)(50)(51)(52).…”

Section: Genome Sequencing and Recent Research On Armadillos In The Asupporting

confidence: 59%

“…In several regions of Brazil where HD is still a public health problem, consumption of armadillo meat is a common practice, although it is unclear if meat consumption transmits the disease; it is possible that transmission may take place through human contact with armadillos that are captured and kept in pens before consumption. In a case-control study in the state of Espirito Santo in southern Brazil, Schmitt et al (52) did not find an association between the consumption of armadillo meat and HD, although the prevalence of HD among armadillos in this area has not yet been mapped. Generally, the presence of M. leprae among armadillos in the Americas should be considered in HD control efforts in the future, as transmission between humans and armadillos may provide a continued reservoir for the disease, potentially complicating attempts to eliminate the disease in the Americas.…”

Section: Genome Sequencing and Recent Research On Armadillos In The Amentioning

confidence: 96%

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Leprosy in the 21st Century

2015

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SUMMARY Despite significant improvements in leprosy (Hansen's disease) treatment and outlook for patients since the introduction of multidrug therapy (MDT) 3 decades ago, the global incidence remains high, and patients often have long-term complications associated with the disease. In this article, we discuss recent findings related to genetics, susceptibility, and disease reservoirs and the implications of these findings for Hansen's disease control and health outcomes for patients. We describe the continued difficulties associated with treatment of inflammatory episodes known as “leprosy reactions,” which cause much of the disability associated with the disease and can affect people for many years after MDT is complete. We also discuss some of the contemporary challenges for physicians and patients, including international and internal migration of people affected by the disease. We suggest some important areas of focus for future Hansen's disease research.

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Section: Genome Sequencing and Recent Research On Armadillos In The Asupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Genome Sequencing and Recent Research On Armadillos In The Amentioning

confidence: 96%

Leprosy in the 21st Century

2015

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“…Seven papers on leprosy met the inclusion criteria (Brazil [GBD #2] six [ 7 , 8 , 86 – 91 ]; Bangladesh [GBD #7] one [ 92 ]) ( S6 Table ). Four studies represented the general population in a defined geographical area (two population-based or ecological studies [ 90 , 88 ], two case control studies [ 90 , 92 ]). Three studies focussed on specific groups: patients with no leprosy contacts (case-control study) [ 91 ], contacts of newly diagnosed leprosy patients (cohort study) [ 8 ], and past-five-year migrants (case-control study) [ 86 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Systematic Review

et al. 2016

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BackgroundNeglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are generally assumed to be concentrated in poor populations, but evidence on this remains scattered. We describe within-country socioeconomic inequalities in nine NTDs listed in the London Declaration for intensified control and/or elimination: lymphatic filariasis (LF), onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH), trachoma, Chagas’ disease, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), leprosy, and visceral leishmaniasis (VL).MethodologyWe conducted a systematic literature review, including publications between 2004–2013 found in Embase, Medline (OvidSP), Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Popline, Lilacs, and Scielo. We included publications in international peer-reviewed journals on studies concerning the top 20 countries in terms of the burden of the NTD under study.Principal findingsWe identified 5,516 publications, of which 93 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 59 papers reported substantial and statistically significant socioeconomic inequalities in NTD distribution, with higher odds of infection or disease among poor and less-educated people compared with better-off groups. The findings were mixed in 23 studies, and 11 studies showed no substantial or statistically significant inequality. Most information was available for STH, VL, schistosomiasis, and, to a lesser extent, for trachoma. For the other NTDs, evidence on their socioeconomic distribution was scarce.The magnitude of inequality varied, but often, the odds of infection or disease were twice as high among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups compared with better-off strata. Inequalities often took the form of a gradient, with higher odds of infection or disease each step down the socioeconomic hierarchy. Notwithstanding these inequalities, the prevalence of some NTDs was sometimes also high among better-off groups in some highly endemic areas.ConclusionsWhile recent evidence on socioeconomic inequalities is scarce for most individual NTDs, for some, there is considerable evidence of substantially higher odds of infection or disease among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. NTD control activities as proposed in the London Declaration, when set up in a way that they reach the most in need, will benefit the poorest populations in poor countries.

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“…CE was also included in one of the 29 Brazilian leprosy clusters (Penna et al 2009). However, in Brazil, epidemiological studies are still controversial in terms of whether armadillo meat intake and direct animal contact are associated with leprosy infection (Kerr-Pontes et al 2006, Deps et al 2008, Schmitt et al 2010. Aiming to investigate the question further, we used molecular diagnostic tools to search for M. leprae DNA in the two main species of wild armadillos found in CE (D. novemcinctus and E. sexcinctus).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%