Arhitektūras izglītībai Latvijā – 150

Abstract

Pirmā un ilgi vienīgā arhitektūras skola Latvijā izveidota 1869. gadā Rīgas Politehnikumā – Baltijā pirmajā augstākajā tehniskajā mācību iestādē. Arhitektūras skolai laika gaitā mainījušies gan nosaukumi, gan piederība, gan atrašanās vieta, taču tā ir pēctecīgi saglabājusies un darbojas joprojām. Tā ir tagadējā Arhitektūras fakultāte Rīgas Tehniskajā universitātē (RTU). Arhitektūras skola ir ne tikai profesionālās kvalifikācijas iegūšanas vieta, bet arī arhitektūras vispārējās attīstības pamats. Kvalitatīva izglītība nav iespējama bez teorētiskās un zinātniskās bāzes, nodrošinot atbilstošu arhitektūras praktisko īstenojumu cilvēka veidotajā apkārtējā vidē. Šādā skatījumā arī kārtots Latvijas arhitektūras izglītības vēstures apskats secīgi katrā no vēsturiskajiem periodiem.

Visual Identity of Riga 21st Century Multi-Apartment Developments

“…In the Classicism period, great attention was paid to the clarity of forms and rational expression, modelled on the classically 'pure' architecture of ancient Greece. Timber residential buildings of the Classicism period mostly had a side extension for entrance function, but in the mezzanine were located 3 or 5 windows (Table I c) [21]. As in many other European cities, medieval fortifications were destroyed in the middle of the 19th century and replaced with a unique belt of boulevards [21], [22].…”

“…Timber residential buildings of the Classicism period mostly had a side extension for entrance function, but in the mezzanine were located 3 or 5 windows (Table I c) [21]. As in many other European cities, medieval fortifications were destroyed in the middle of the 19th century and replaced with a unique belt of boulevards [21], [22]. In the second half of the 19th century, during the Eclecticism period, for the artistic decoration of buildings was used as formal means of expression of all styles previously known in history, choosing them according to the building's meaning, location or other circumstances (Table I [22].…”

“…After World War II, it was necessary to manage the damage of the war, including the restoration of housing stock. New political situation and ideology, and prefabrication of construction elements, led to massive standard construction of large-scale housing estates [21], [22] (Table I h). After independence, in 1991, spatial planning of the country experienced a transition to a free-market economy, privatization, and Riga historical residential environment is not only in many cases valuable architectural heritage but also sets the context for further urban developments.…”

“…The facades of Art Nouveau buildings are decorated with relief lines, circles and plant stylizations incorporated into the architectural design of the building's basic form. Moreover, the complex window layout matches the convenient interior design and overall planning[21] (TableIe). Art Deco was a reflection of Art Nouveau style in the twenties of the 20th century.…”

“…the democratization of social and cultural life[21]. The most appropriate examples in TableI, as well as in further tables, are chosen to represent each particular style/ characteristic.…”