ARGONAUTE2 Enhances Grain Length and Salt Tolerance by Activating <i>BIG GRAIN3</i> to Modulate Cytokinin Distribution in Rice

Yin, Wenchao; Xiao, Yunhua; Niu, Mei; Meng, Wenjing; Li, Lulu; Zhang, Xiaoxing; Liu, Dapu; Zhang, Guoxia; Qian, Yangwen; Sun, Zongtao; Huang, Renyan; Wang, Shiping; Liu, Chunming; Chu, Chengcai; Tong, Hongning

doi:10.1105/tpc.19.00542

Cited by 101 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…However, no data suggesting that PUP14 is involved in systemic transport have been reported. In rice, BIG GRAIN3 , the encoding plasma membrane‐localized OsPUP4, has been characterized as a gene that modulates the distribution of cytokinins in the shoots and roots (Xiao et al ., 2019; Yin et al ., 2020). However, direct evidence in systemic transport has not been provided.…”

Section: Abcg14 and Pup14 Play Different Roles In Cytokinin Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin biosynthesis and transport for systemic nitrogen signaling

Sakakibara

2020

The Plant Journal

104

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Summary The plasticity of growth and development in response to environmental changes is one of the essential aspects of plant behavior. Cytokinins play an important role as signaling molecules in the long‐distance communication between organs in systemic growth regulation in response to nitrogen. The spatial distribution of the expression sites of cytokinin biosynthesis genes leads to structural differences in the molecular species transported through the xylem and phloem, giving root‐borne trans‐hydroxylated cytokinins, namely trans‐zeatin (tZ) type, a specialized efficacy in regulating shoot growth. Furthermore, root‐to‐shoot translocation via the xylem, tZ, and its precursor, the tZ riboside, controls different sets of shoot growth traits to fine‐tune shoot growth in response to nitrogen availability. In addition to nitrogen, photosynthetically generated sugars positively regulate de novo cytokinin biosynthesis in the roots, and contribute to plant growth under elevated CO2 conditions. In shoot‐to‐root signaling, cytokinins also play a role in the regulation of nutrient acquisition and root system growth in cooperation with other types of signaling molecules, such as C‐TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE DOWNSTREAMs. As cytokinin is a key regulator for the maintenance of shoot apical meristem, deepening our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of cytokinin biosynthesis and transport in response to nitrogen is important not only for basic comprehension of plant growth, but also to ensure the stability of agricultural production.

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Section: Abcg14 and Pup14 Play Different Roles In Cytokinin Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin biosynthesis and transport for systemic nitrogen signaling

Sakakibara

2020

The Plant Journal

104

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“…In addition to cytokinin content, the distribution of cytokinin may be an important factor affecting plant salt tolerance. Yin et al [112] showed that overexpression of ARGONAUTE2 (AGO2) in rice can decrease cytokinin content in shoots and increase cytokinin content in the roots, leading to increased salt tolerance and grain length of rice under salt stress. AGO2 affects the distribution of cytokinin by promoting the expression of BIG3 (GRAIN3), which encodes a protein that may be involved in cytokinin transport, and AGO2, which changes the histone methylation level of BG3.…”

Section: Salt Stress Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on the Roles of Cytokinin in Plant Response to Stress

Liu

Zhang

Meng

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Cytokinins promote plant growth and development under normal plant growth conditions and also play an important role in plant resistance to stress. Understanding the working mechanisms of cytokinins under adverse conditions will help to make full use of cytokinins in agriculture to increase production and efficiency of land use. In this article, we review the progress that has been made in cytokinin research in plant response to stress and propose its future application prospects.

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“…It has been shown that CKs also promote grain size and grain number in rice ( Ashikari et al, 2005 ; Gao et al, 2014 ; Xiao et al, 2019 ; Yin et al, 2020 ). To test whether the decrease of grain size and grain number in OsPUP1 -overexpressing plants are associated with the alteration of CK content, we further quantified the CK content in the panicles ( Figures 3E,F and Supplementary Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further efforts uncovering this complicated system are significant for understanding hormone functions in plant growth and development. Given the crucial roles of the OsPUP1 as well as OsPUP4 and OsPUP7 in regulating several key agronomic traits, comprehension of the hormone transport certainly has a great potential for crop improvement as has been exemplified in a recent study ( Yin et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoplasmic Reticulum-Localized PURINE PERMEASE1 Regulates Plant Height and Grain Weight by Modulating Cytokinin Distribution in Rice

Xiao

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Cytokinins (CKs) are a class of phytohormones playing essential roles in various biological processes. However, the mechanisms underlying CK transport as well as its function in plant growth and development are far from being fully elucidated. Here, we characterize the function of PURINE PERMEASE1 (OsPUP1) in rice (Oryza sativa L.). OsPUP1 was predominantly expressed in the root, particularly in vascular cells, and CK treatment can induce its expression. Subcellular localization analysis showed that OsPUP1 was predominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Overexpression of OsPUP1 resulted in growth defect of various aerial tissues, including decreased leaf length, plant height, grain weight, panicle length, and grain number. Hormone profiling revealed that the CK content was decreased in the shoot of OsPUP1-overexpressing seedling, but increased in the root, compared with the wild type. The CK content in the panicle was also decreased. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis using several CK type-A response regulators (OsRRs) as the marker genes suggested that the CK response in the shoot of OsPUP1-overexpressing seedling is decreased compared to the wild type when CKs are applied to the root. Genetic analysis revealed that BG3/OsPUP4, a putative plasma membrane-localized CK transporter, overcomes the function of OsPUP1. We hypothesize that OsPUP1 might be involved in importing CKs into ER to unload CKs from the vascular tissues by cell-to-cell transport.

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ARGONAUTE2 Enhances Grain Length and Salt Tolerance by Activating BIG GRAIN3 to Modulate Cytokinin Distribution in Rice

Abstract: Optimizing cytokinin distribution patterns is a promising strategy for simultaneously enhancing grain yield, grain quality, and stress resistance in plants, as observed in ARGONAUTE2-overexpressing rice.

Cited by 101 publications

References 68 publications

Cytokinin biosynthesis and transport for systemic nitrogen signaling

Cytokinin biosynthesis and transport for systemic nitrogen signaling

Research Progress on the Roles of Cytokinin in Plant Response to Stress

Endoplasmic Reticulum-Localized PURINE PERMEASE1 Regulates Plant Height and Grain Weight by Modulating Cytokinin Distribution in Rice

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