Are We in the Midst of a Revolution?

Crying patterns of Korean infants in institutions

“…They suggested that this change has had a profound impact on normal infant development. The crying pattern of infants in industrialized societies can be considered as a culturally specific form of infant crying rather than a universal pattern of universal infancy ( Lozoff & Brittenham 1979; Kennel 1980). Therefore, the ‘typical’ crying pattern of infancy described in the literature is one based on infants who have ‘reduced’ contact with the care‐givers, ‘reduced’ from the ‘original’ amount of contact which has existed for the last several million years.…”

The Crying Pattern of Korean Infants and Related Factors

“…Snow er al. 1980;Hunziker and Barr 1986;Barr et al 1988Barr et al , 1989; and (3) crying that is not modifiable by differences in caretaking style (Brazelton 1962, Sander et al 1970, Bell and Ainsworth 1972, Bernal 1972, Bax 1.975, Thoman ef al. 1983, Barr 1990).…”

“…However, most of these investigations describe infants in industrialized countries. From cross-cultural studies, it is well known that child-care practice has a great effect on the interactions between caregiver and infant, and probably infant crying behaviour (Brazelton 1969, Lozoff and Brittenham 1979, Kennell 1980, Landau 1982. In less industrialized societies, infant-care practices differ greatly from those of Western cultures: they are characterized by prolonged contact between babies and caregivers, frequent feeding and prompt response to the infants' needs.…”

“…In less industrialized societies, infant-care practices differ greatly from those of Western cultures: they are characterized by prolonged contact between babies and caregivers, frequent feeding and prompt response to the infants' needs. There is some evidence that the crying behaviour of infants in less industrialized countries differs from that in Western Societies (Caudill 1969, Kennell 1980, Landau 1982 Barr et al 1991). Consequently, it is not clear whether the typical crying pattern of Western babies can be accepted as a universal and 'normal' behaviour pattern in infancy.…”