Are there national risk factors for epidemic cholera? The correlation between socioeconomic and demographic indices and cholera incidence in Latin America

Ackers, Marta-Louise; Quick, Robert; Drasbek, Christopher J; Hutwagner, Lori; Tauxe, Robert V.

doi:10.1093/ije/27.2.330

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Typical at-risk areas include peri-urban slums, where basic infrastructure is not available, as well as camps for internally displaced people or refugees, where minimum requirements of clean water and sanitation are not met [1]. It was reported that in Latin America the gross national product per capita (above US $2,000) and literacy rates above 90% were negatively correlated with cholera cumulative incidence rates [2]. Specifically in Brazil, it was shown that the proportion of households without tap water was the variable that contributed the most to the increasing fluctuation of cholera incidence rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is cholera disease associated with poverty?

Talavera

Pérez

2009

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Background: Cholera remains a global threat and is one of the key indicators of social development. While the disease no longer poses a menace to countries with minimum standards of hygiene, it remains a serious challenge to countries where access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation cannot be guaranteed. The objective of this work was to analyse the results obtained when contrasting the reports of the World Health Organization (WHO) about cholera disease with those of the World Bank List of economies (countries). Methodology: Data were obtained from reports of two international organizations, the report on cholera disease incidence of the World Health Organization and the World Bank's classification of countries attending to their income. Results: We determined that low-income countries are more affected by cholera disease than countries with middle or high income. This difference was reflected in the percent of countries, the total number of reported cases, the number of cases per 100,000 habitants, as well as in the reported mortality. These results support the phrase "cholera disease is a disease of poverty." Conclusions: We consider that economic development is an important factor in the morbidity and mortality of cholera, together with environment, climate, culture, medical management, political intention, and the intrinsic factors of the system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is cholera disease associated with poverty?

Talavera

Pérez

2009

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…The control group in this study came from Comas, a poverty zone of Lima severely affected by the cholera epidemic. Furthermore, symptomatic cholera is rare in upper or middle class individuals but common in the poor (Ackers et al, 1998). Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of H. pylori infection and severe gastric mucosa inflammation seen in the study groups, both of which are poor, is close to twice as common as that found in middle and upper class Peruvians (The Gastrointestinal Physiology Working Group of the Cayetano Heredia and the Johns Hopkins University, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis involving the gastric body and severe disease by Vibrio cholerae

León-Barúa

Recavarren-Arce

Chinga-Alayo

et al. 2006

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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SummaryEvidence has associated chronic infection by Helicobacter pylori with chronic gastritis, low gastric acid production and an increased risk of life-threatening cholera. However, the relationship of specific patterns of histological damage in the gastric mucosa associated with H. pylori infection and the occurrence of cholera has not been described. The purpose of this study was to compare the gastric pH and histopathological findings in gastric biopsies taken from patients with severe diarrhoeal disease due to Vibrio cholerae with those taken from a control (cholera-negative) population. Thirtyfive H. pylori-positive patients who had severe dehydration from culture-confirmed cholera (cases) and 40 patients with H. pylori but with no history of cholera (controls) were recruited. Gastric pH was measured and multiple biopsies were taken from the gastric antrum and body for histopathological examination. The results revealed that patients with severe cholera had a significantly higher prevalence of hypochlorhydria at endoscopy compared with controls. Furthermore, cases had significantly more chronic atrophic gastritis (45.7% vs. 12.5%; P = 0.002) and intestinal metaplasia (37.1% vs. 2.5%; P < 0.01) in the gastric body than controls. Our findings suggest that the nature and location of these gastric lesions may predispose a subset of H. pyloriinfected individuals to severe disease by V. cholerae.

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“…This accounts for the major difference in the magnitude of mortality and morbidity rates between developed and developing countries. Among the communicable diseases, the NDs such as lymphatic filariasis may be considered proxy indicators of the level of socioeconomic development [15], and communicable diseases are pervasive in countries or regions where gross national product is low or income distribution highly skewed [16]. Some of these diseases would cease to exist with an increase of the gross national product and a more balanced income distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neglected diseases of neglected populations: Thinking to reshape the determinants of health in Latin America and the Caribbean

2005

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BackgroundPeople living in poverty throughout the developing world are heavily burdened with neglected communicable diseases and often marginalized by the health sector. These diseases are currently referred to as Neglected Diseases of Neglected Populations. The neglected diseases create social and financial burdens to the individual, the family, the community, and the nation.DiscussionNumerous studies of successful individual interventions to manage communicable disease determinants in various types of communities have been published, but few have applied multiple interventions in an integrated, coordinated manner. We have identified a series of successful interventions and developed three hypothetical scenarios where such interventions could be applied in an integrated, multi-disease, inter-programmatic, and/or inter-sectoral approach for prevention and control of neglected diseases in three different populations: a slum, an indigenous community, and a city with a mix of populations.SummaryThe objective of this paper is to identify new opportunities to address neglected diseases, improve community health and promote sustainable development in neglected populations by highlighting examples of key risk and protective factors for neglected diseases which can be managed and implemented through multi-disease-based, integrated, inter-programmatic, and/or inter-sectoral approaches. Based on a literature review, analysis and development of scenarios we visualize how multiple interventions could manage multiple disease problems and propose these as possible strategies to be tested. We seek to stimulate intra- and inter-sectoral dialogue which will help in the construction of new strategies for neglected diseases (particularly for the parasitic diseases) which could benefit the poor and marginalized based on the principle of sustainability and understanding of key determinants of health, and lead to the establishment of pilot projects and activities which can contribute to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.

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Are there national risk factors for epidemic cholera? The correlation between socioeconomic and demographic indices and cholera incidence in Latin America

Cited by 41 publications

References 6 publications

Is cholera disease associated with poverty?

Is cholera disease associated with poverty?

Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis involving the gastric body and severe disease by Vibrio cholerae

Neglected diseases of neglected populations: Thinking to reshape the determinants of health in Latin America and the Caribbean

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