Are There Effective Intervention Measures in Broiler Production against the ESBL/AmpC Producer Escherichia coli?

Becker, Evelyne; Projahn, Michaela; Burow, Elke; Käsbohrer, Annemarie

doi:10.3390/pathogens10050608

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(133 reference statements)

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“…Feed additives, probiotics or competitive exclusion products could be suitable to have a decisive influence on the multiplication rate in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers and are expected to prevent the colonization of broilers with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae or E. coli [ 22 , 25 , 78 , 79 ]. As we noted in a review [ 32 ], the most effective measures seem to be cleaning and disinfection, as well as products influencing the microbiota and thereby suppressing the growth of undesired bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. In accordance with these findings, our model shows that, in both scenarios, reducing the growth rate in the intestine has a strong impact on the transmission and spread of resistant bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current results indicate that the efficacy of the measures is quite variable. Becker et al [ 32 ] reviewed current knowledge on the effectiveness of three different intervention measures: “cleaning and disinfection”, “feed additives” and “competitive exclusion”. They found studies showing a small effect (“feed additives”) and others with a potentially strong impact (“cleaning and disinfection” and “competitive exclusion”) on the incidence of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli in poultry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling the Impact of Management Changes on the Infection Dynamics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in the Broiler Production

et al. 2022

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Livestock animals, especially poultry, are a known reservoir for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli). They may enter the pen either via positive day-old chicks or via the environment. We developed a mathematical model to illustrate the entry and dissemination of resistant bacteria in a broiler pen during one fattening period in order to investigate the effectiveness of intervention measures on this infection process. Different management measures, such as varying amounts of litter, a slow-growing breed or lower stocking densities, were tested for their effects on broiler colonization. We also calculated the impact of products that may influence the microbiota in the chicks’ digestive tract, such as pre- or probiotics, feed supplements or competitive exclusion products. Our model outcomes show that a contaminated pen or positive chicks at the beginning of the fattening period can infect the entire flock. Increasing the amount of litter and decreasing the stocking density were shown to be effective in our model. Differences in the route of entry were found: if the chicks are already positive, the litter quantity must be increased to at least six times the standard of 1000 g/m2, whereas, if the pen is contaminated on the first day, three times the litter quantity is sufficient. A reduced stocking density of 20 kg/m2 had a significant effect on the incidence of infection only in a previously contaminated pen. Combinations of two or three measures were effective in both scenarios; similarly, feed additives may be beneficial in reducing the growth rate of ESBL-producing E. coli. This model is a valuable tool for evaluating interventions to reduce the transmission and spread of resistant bacteria in broiler houses. However, data are still needed to optimize the model, such as growth rates or survival data of ESBL-producing E. coli in different environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Impact of Management Changes on the Infection Dynamics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in the Broiler Production

et al. 2022

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“…Parameter 2 -Effectiveness of biosecurity measures in preventing the pathogen introduction Biosecurity measures based on cleaning and disinfection are effective in reducing and/or eliminating E. coli (Becker et al, 2021). There is little or no quantitative data on the effectiveness of other biosecurity measures with respect to prevention of animal infections by E. coli.…”

Section: Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial‐resistant Escherichia coli in dogs and cats, horses, swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats

Nielsen¹,

Bicout²,

Calistri³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) was identified among the most relevant antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) bacteria in the EU for dogs and cats, horses, swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats in previous scientific opinions. Thus, it has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Article 9 and Article 8 for listing animal species related to the bacterium. The assessment has been performed following a methodology previously published. The outcome is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with uncertain outcome. According to the assessment here performed, it is uncertain whether AMR E. coli can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (33–66% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that the bacterium does not meet the criteria in Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 (Categories A, B, C and D; 0–5%, 5–10%, 10–33% and 10–33% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively) and the AHAW Panel was uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Section 5 (Category E, 33–66% probability of meeting the criteria). The animal species to be listed for AMR E. coli according to Article 8 criteria include mammals, birds, reptiles and fish.

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“…However, its misuse contributed to the emergence of resistant strains, jeopardizing the antibiotics’ benefits and curative power [ 5 ]. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the unregulated consumption of antibiotics, both in humans and in animals, including food producers entering the food chain, as they may act as potential transmitters of resistant strains [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last few years, international action plans to reduce the selection and spread of resistance in the bacterial populations of animals [ 3 ] are also prompting poultry producers to adopt alternatives to industrial intensive production systems [ 6 ]. Moreover, consumers are also making more careful choices for safer and healthier products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles and Resistance Mechanisms to β-Lactams and Polymyxins of Escherichia coli from Broilers Raised under Intensive and Extensive Production Systems

et al. 2022

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The intensive and extensive broiler production systems imply different veterinary interventions, including the use of antimicrobials. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from both systems, characterize resistance mechanisms to β-lactams and polymyxins, and identify genetic elements such as integrons. E. coli isolates recovered from broiler cecal samples were assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility through the broth microdilution technique. The molecular characterization of acquired resistance mechanisms to β-lactams and colistin and the detection of integrons was performed by a multiplex PCR. For most antibiotics tested, the prevalence of reduced susceptibility is higher in commensal and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)/AmpC producers from broilers raised in the intensive system, compared with those raised under extensive conditions. SHV-12 was the most common ESBL enzyme found in both production systems. Other ESBL variants such as CTX-M-1, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-32, CTX-M-9, TEM-52, and plasmid-encoded AmpC enzyme CMY-2 were also present. MCR-1 was identified in a colistin-resistant isolate from broilers raised under the intensive system. This study highlights the differences in E. coli antibiotic susceptibility from both production types and emphasizes that a great deal of work remains to decrease consumption and antimicrobial resistance levels.

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Are There Effective Intervention Measures in Broiler Production against the ESBL/AmpC Producer Escherichia coli?

Cited by 16 publications

References 85 publications

Modeling the Impact of Management Changes on the Infection Dynamics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in the Broiler Production

Modeling the Impact of Management Changes on the Infection Dynamics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in the Broiler Production

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial‐resistant Escherichia coli in dogs and cats, horses, swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles and Resistance Mechanisms to β-Lactams and Polymyxins of Escherichia coli from Broilers Raised under Intensive and Extensive Production Systems

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