Are Broadcast Sporting Events of “General Interest”? A Regional Panel Data Analysis of TV Ratings for Spain's<i>La Liga</i>

Pérez, Leví; Puente, Víctor; Rodríguez, Plácido

doi:10.1080/08997764.2014.997241

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Gasparetto et al (2018) define brand-teams as historical clubs with a successful sportive record which attract higher attention from fans -similar terms as big clubs, strong brand clubs, wellknown teams, or famous clubs are also used in the literature with identical meaning. Pérez et al (2015) indicate larger television audiences on matches played by Real Madrid and Barcelona in Spain. Pawlowski and Anders (2012) evidence that a strong brand of the away team increases attendance in the Bundesliga as well.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Football Fans’ Emotions: Uncertainty Against Brand Perception

2020

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Football is an industry driven by emotions. Fans experience many different emotions related to their teams. This paper aims to inspect how emotions impact attendance at football matches, examining whether football fans prefer to watch highly competitive matches or matches between good teams with star-players. The paper also considers behavioral and emotional differences of match spectators when brand-teams play away or at home. Importantly, we are also looking for the effects that the expectations of these emotions have on the tickets' price mechanism. We use data from three seasons of the Brazilian State championship with information on more than 1,100 matches. The OLS estimator with the moderation marginal effects allows for analysis of a brandteam playing with different levels of uncertainty over the outcomes measured by the relative level of the divisions of rivals. We look for the difference between the marginal contribution of the brand-team and the uncertainty of outcomes that might change under some conditions. The analysis is performed later using two subsamples and, finally, we address the problem of endogeneity in price using an instrumental variable. From our results, the main findings are: first, that the price of tickets does not much affect the demand when a brand-team is playing. In case of competitive matches between non-brand-teams, price behavior correlates to the rationality of the demand curve having a negative impact. The fact that price is not relevant for matches with the brand-team comes to corroborate the idea that fans are driven more by emotions than by economic reasoning; second, the phenomena of highly competitive matches does not work when a brand-team is playing against a small one; and third, the effect of a brand-team playing is relatively more important than the uncertainty of outcome. The last two findings mean that the satisfaction of watching star-players or big-teams is stronger than the emotion brought by a competitive match.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Football Fans’ Emotions: Uncertainty Against Brand Perception

2020

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“…As explained in Pérez et al (2015), since 1997 one La Liga football match can be viewed each week for free throughout the regular season and any Spanish TV channel can acquire the rights to broadcast this match through a bidding process. Subject to some restrictions described in detail below, the broadcaster with the rights to televise this free-to-air match has priority regarding selection of the match to be broadcast, so the matches broadcast free-to-air are not randomly assigned.…”

Section: Football Matches' Tv Audience (Number Of Viewers)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss aversion, upset preference, and sports television viewing audience size

Humphreys¹,

Pérez²

2019

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

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A growing body of research examines the effect of loss aversion (LA) on consumers' decisions to watch or attend sporting events. Much of this research focuses on live game attendance. In contrast to the predictions of uncertainty of outcome hypothesis (UOH), loss-averse consumers prefer watching either potential upsets, or dominant performances by strong favorites, to events with uncertain outcomes. We test for LA vs. UOH effects in television viewing audience data for free over-the-air broadcasts of 304 Spanish football matches from 2008/09 to 2015/16. This setting generates substantial variation home team win probabilities because of the presence of Real Madrid CF and FC Barcelona. The results support the importance of LA/upset preferences: audience size for matches when home teams are large underdogs and when heavily favored are larger than for matches with uncertain outcomes, even when controlling for observable and unobservable factors affecting the number of viewers.

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“…Some studies intended to explain TV broadcasting revenues for domestic markets in the framework of the pay-per-view business (Cf. : for the Spanish league, Pérez et al, 2015; and, for the Norwegian league, Hammervold and Solberg, 2006). Regarding the TV broadcasting revenues, the results are very different, even if the NFL and the Premier League still appears as the leader competitions in, respectively, the North America and Europe markets.…”

Section: Financial Hierarchy Of Football Leagues Relative To Other Pr...mentioning

confidence: 92%

Global hierarchy of team-sport leagues based on internet searches and revenues: Europe vs. America

Aguiar-Noury¹,

García-del-Barrio²

2021

EJIM

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This paper contributes to the understanding of the modern sports industry in an international context. Two alternative approaches are adopted for establishing the hierarchy of team-sport leagues globally and for researching to what extent professional European football might have gained dominance relative to the major North American sports leagues. We first study the evolving economic situation of the main European and American sport leagues, in terms of both total revenues and broadcasting revenues. Then, we adopt an approach based on "Google Trends" records to rank team-sport leagues according to the relative interest shown by the fans. We interpret the evolution over time as changes in the degree of support given to the Top-10 professional sports leagues worldwide. Finally, we estimate pooled OLS and GLS random effects models to examine the empirical relationship between leagues' revenues and internet searches to understand the prospects of the leagues concerning their popularity and potential revenues.

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Are Broadcast Sporting Events of “General Interest”? A Regional Panel Data Analysis of TV Ratings for Spain'sLa Liga

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Football Fans’ Emotions: Uncertainty Against Brand Perception

Football Fans’ Emotions: Uncertainty Against Brand Perception

Loss aversion, upset preference, and sports television viewing audience size

Global hierarchy of team-sport leagues based on internet searches and revenues: Europe vs. America

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