Are Animal Models Needed to Discover, Develop and Test Pharmaceutical Drugs for Humans in the 21st Century?

Pound, Pandora

doi:10.3390/ani10122455

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Meanwhile, the progress in neuroimaging research such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques has provided more and more knowledge of brain functions, which leads to deeper understanding of psychopathologies and the development of therapeutic interventions for mental disorders [ 9 ]. Neuroscience in vitro and in animal models have allowed us to test hypotheses, reveal pathogenesis, and develop new drugs for psychiatric disorders [ 10 ]. Therefore, translating and integrating methods and knowledge of psychotherapy and neurological sciences can certainly lead to deeper understanding of disease mechanisms, testing new hypotheses, and searching for novel treatments of mental illness [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk between Existential Phenomenological Psychotherapy and Neurological Sciences in Mood and Anxiety Disorders

et al. 2021

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Psychotherapy is a comprehensive biological treatment modifying complex underlying cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and regulatory responses in the brain, leading patients with mental illness to a new interpretation of the sense of self and others. Psychotherapy is an art of science integrated with psychology and/or philosophy. Neurological sciences study the neurological basis of cognition, memory, and behavior as well as the impact of neurological damage and disease on these functions, and their treatment. Both psychotherapy and neurological sciences deal with the brain; nevertheless, they continue to stay polarized. Existential phenomenological psychotherapy (EPP) has been in the forefront of meaning-centered counseling for almost a century. The phenomenological approach in psychotherapy originated in the works of Martin Heidegger, Ludwig Binswanger, Medard Boss, and Viktor Frankl, and it has been committed to accounting for the existential possibilities and limitations of one’s life. EPP provides philosophically rich interpretations and empowers counseling techniques to assist mentally suffering individuals by finding meaning and purpose to life. The approach has proven to be effective in treating mood and anxiety disorders. This narrative review article demonstrates the development of EPP, the therapeutic methodology, evidence-based accounts of its curative techniques, current understanding of mood and anxiety disorders in neurological sciences, and a possible converging path to translate and integrate meaning-centered psychotherapy and neuroscience, concluding that the EPP may potentially play a synergistic role with the currently prevailing medication-based approaches for the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk between Existential Phenomenological Psychotherapy and Neurological Sciences in Mood and Anxiety Disorders

et al. 2021

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“…Organ-on-chip systems show strong potential for improving preclinical-to-clinical translation during drug development [ 236 , 237 ]. There is increasing focus on using organ-on-a-chip technologies in the context of replacing animal studies during preclinical drug efficacy and safety testing [ 238 ]. While animal models can provide an entire in vivo system for testing drugs, the limitations of animal models, especially inter-species differences, render it difficult to predict translation between animals to humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airway-On-A-Chip: Designs and Applications for Lung Repair and Disease

Bennet

Randhawa

Hua

et al. 2021

Cells

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The lungs are affected by illnesses including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and infections such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Physiologically relevant models for respiratory conditions will be essential for new drug development. The composition and structure of the lung extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a major role in the function of the lung tissue and cells. Lung-on-chip models have been developed to address some of the limitations of current two-dimensional in vitro models. In this review, we describe various ECM substitutes utilized for modeling the respiratory system. We explore the application of lung-on-chip models to the study of cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette vapor. We discuss the challenges and opportunities related to model characterization with an emphasis on in situ characterization methods, both established and emerging. We discuss how further advancements in the field, through the incorporation of interstitial cells and ECM, have the potential to provide an effective tool for interrogating lung biology and disease, especially the mechanisms that involve the interstitial elements.

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“…As the need for more human-specific disease models increases and reliance on model organisms decreases, molecular analysis of real-world data may therefore provide a seamless new path to approaching drug safety and informing drug development. 12,109 In summary, molecular data expansion provides an elegant way to extend mechanistic modeling, systems pharmacology, and patient-centered approaches for the assessment of the safety of therapeutic interventions. We anticipate that such advances in real-world data informatics and outcome analytics will help to better inform public health, via the improved ability to understand and predict various types of drug-induced molecular perturbations and AEs.…”

Section: Analytic Resources (Mining and Storage)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing drug safety science by integrating molecular knowledge with post‐marketing adverse event reports

Soldatos¹,

Kim

Schmidt

et al. 2022

CPT Pharmacom & Syst Pharma

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Promising drug development efforts may frequently fail due to unintended adverse reactions. Several methods have been developed to analyze such data, aiming to improve pharmacovigilance and drug safety. In this work, we provide a brief review of key directions to quantitatively analyzing adverse events and explore the potential of augmenting these methods using additional molecular data descriptors. We argue that molecular expansion of adverse event data may provide a path to improving the insights gained through more traditional pharmacovigilance approaches. Examples include the ability to assess statistical relevance with respect to underlying biomolecular mechanisms, the ability to generate plausible causative hypotheses and/or confirmation where possible, the ability to computationally study potential clinical trial designs and/or results, as well as the further provision of advanced features incorporated in innovative methods, such as machine learning. In summary, molecular data expansion provides an elegant way to extend mechanistic modeling, systems pharmacology, and patient-centered approaches for the assessment of drug safety. We anticipate that such advances in real-world data informatics and outcome analytics will help to better inform public health, via the improved ability to prospectively understand and predict various types of drug-induced molecular perturbations and adverse events. | 541 MOLECULAR KNOWLEDGE FOR ADVANCED DRUG SAFETY (inter-)national regulatory authorities worldwide. Major instances of such safety data collections include: • The Sentinel Initiative of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 2,3 • The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS; formerly AERS), maintained by the FDA, 4 • The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), maintained by the FDA, co-managed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 5 • The European database of suspected adverse drug reaction reports (EudraVigilance), maintained by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), 6 and • VigiBase -the global database of individual case safety reports (ICSRs), maintained by the World Health Organization's (WHO) Uppsala Monitoring Center (UMC). 7How to cite this article: Soldatos TG, Kim S, Schmidt S, Lesko LJ, Jackson DB. Advancing drug safety science by integrating molecular knowledge with post-marketing adverse event reports. CPT

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Are Animal Models Needed to Discover, Develop and Test Pharmaceutical Drugs for Humans in the 21st Century?

Abstract: Despite many decades of research, much of which has focused on studies in animals, we humans continue to suffer from multiple diseases for which there are no cures or treatments [...]

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Crosstalk between Existential Phenomenological Psychotherapy and Neurological Sciences in Mood and Anxiety Disorders

Crosstalk between Existential Phenomenological Psychotherapy and Neurological Sciences in Mood and Anxiety Disorders

Airway-On-A-Chip: Designs and Applications for Lung Repair and Disease

Advancing drug safety science by integrating molecular knowledge with post‐marketing adverse event reports

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