Arbuscular mycorrhiza, a fungal perspective

Creij, Jelle van; Wang, Peng; Limpens, Erik

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818469-1.00021-3

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…Once inside the cortical parenchyma, the hyphae form arbuscules, which are branched structures of exchange of carbon, water, and nutrients between the plant and the fungus (Van Creij et al, 2020). Not all cortical cells are colonized, and the differentiation of terminal hyphae into arbuscules occurs only in some of the cells (Genre et al, 2005;Garg et al, 2019).…”

Section: Arbuscule Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The success of mycorrhization depends on the synthesis of a membrane related to the formation of the interface between the hypha that originates the arbuscule and the protoplasm of the cortical cell (Genre et al, 2005, Van Creij et al, 2020. The mechanism of synthesis of this membrane (periarbuscular) is the same one associated with cell division in plants, including cell plate formation during cytokinesis, extensive plastid modifications and mitochondrial proliferation and enlargement (Genre et al, 2011).…”

Section: Arbuscule Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation of arbuscule depends on the fungus ability to supply the phosphate to the host plant, which should have active genes of phosphate carrier protein (MtPT4), located in the periarbuscular interface. These genes are expressed only in cells that have arbuscules and are transcribed by the activation of a signal of the lysophosphatidylcholine that is associated with the cell membrane (Grunwald et al, 2014;Van Creij et al, 2020). The expression of MtPT4 seems to be a highly versatile mechanism that can modulate the formation of the arbuscule according to the specific needs of each cell.…”

Section: Arbuscule Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were named genes common to symbiosis (SYM). In plants, mutations in genes of this group (SYM2, SYM3, SYM4, and SYM15) result in the absence of symbiosis (Demchenko et al, 2004;Van Creij et al, 2020) due to a complete or partial blockade of epidermal penetration. Some genes have also been identified as responsible for preventing the colonization of leguminous roots by rhizobium; they are known as non-colonization genes, DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3 (Demchenko et al, 2004).…”

Section: Genes and Proteins Involved In The Establishment Of Symbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some genes have also been identified as responsible for preventing the colonization of leguminous roots by rhizobium; they are known as non-colonization genes, DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3 (Demchenko et al, 2004). Molecular studies have shown that the genes responsible for nodulation in leguminous, ENOD genes (ENOD2, ENOD5, ENOD11, ENOD12, and ENOD40) are also transcribed during AMF root colonization (Journet et al, 2001;Van Creij et al, 2020). Hogekamp and Küster, (2013) described changes in the transcription pattern in metallothionein genes (Mt) during the early stages of mycorrhization (MtBcp1, MtScp1, MtFlot4, MtCbf1, MtCbf2 and MtDxs2).…”

Section: Genes and Proteins Involved In The Establishment Of Symbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ciências biológicas: as diversas manifestações da vida

2021

Ciências Biológicas: As Diversas Manifestações Da Vida

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This review analyzes the physiological, biochemical and molecular implications related to the interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants in the pre-symbiotic and symbiotic stages. Factors involving spore germination, germ tube growth, signaling and recognition of mycorrhizal fungi are discussed from a macro context, in which the plant interacts with the environment, to a most intrinsic context, in which genes are involved in this interaction. The colonization stages, from the formation of hyphopodium to the differentiation of arbuscules, are described according to cellular changes and molecular mechanisms. The dynamics of nutrient exchanges are discussed bidirectionally, from the fungus to the plant and from the plant to the fungus.The regulation processes of absorption and transport of water, phosphorus, nitrogen and calcium, and carbohydrates via the periarbuscular membrane are described in cellular, functional and molecular terms. The most common changes in the secondary metabolism of plants associated to AMF are also presented, based on biochemical processes. The conjuncture analysis showed that in the last decade, studies made efforts to identify the mechanisms of communication and symbiosis functioning, differently from studies carried in the past decades, which extensively investigated the aspects related to the growth responses of symbionts, especially in plants.

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Section: Arbuscule Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Arbuscule Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Arbuscule Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genes and Proteins Involved In The Establishment Of Symbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genes and Proteins Involved In The Establishment Of Symbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ciências biológicas: as diversas manifestações da vida

2021

Ciências Biológicas: As Diversas Manifestações Da Vida

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Detection of rare variants among nuclei populating the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal model species Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198

Manyara,

Sánchez-García,

Montoliu-Nerin

et al. 2024

G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics

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Identifying genuine polymorphic variants is a significant challenge in sequence data analysis, although detecting low-frequency variants in sequence data is essential for estimating demographic parameters and investigating genetic processes, such as selection, within populations. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are multinucleate organisms, in which individual nuclei collectively operate as a population, and the extent of genetic variation across nuclei has long been an area of scientific interest. In this study, we investigated the patterns of polymorphism discovery and the alternate allele frequency distribution by comparing polymorphism discovery in 2 distinct genomic sequence datasets of the AM fungus model species, Rhizophagus irregularis strain DAOM197198. The 2 datasets used in this study are publicly available and were generated either from pooled spores and hyphae or amplified single nuclei from a single spore. We also estimated the intraorganismal variation within the DAOM197198 strain. Our results showed that the 2 datasets exhibited different frequency patterns for discovered variants. The whole-organism dataset showed a distribution spanning low-, intermediate-, and high-frequency variants, whereas the single-nucleus dataset predominantly featured low-frequency variants with smaller proportions in intermediate and high frequencies. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphism density estimates within both the whole organism and individual nuclei confirmed the low intraorganismal variation of the DAOM197198 strain and that most variants are rare. Our study highlights the methodological challenges associated with detecting low-frequency variants in AM fungal whole-genome sequence data and demonstrates that alternate alleles can be reliably identified in single nuclei of AM fungi.

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Efficiently recording and processing data from arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization assays using AMScorer and AMReader

Jarratt-Barnham,

Oldroyd,

Choi

2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi engage with land plants in a widespread, mutualistic endosymbiosis which provides their hosts with increased access to nutrients and enhanced biotic and abiotic stress resistance. The potential for reducing fertiliser use and improving crop resilience has resulted in rapidly increasing scientific interest. Microscopic quantification of the level of AM colonization is of fundamental importance to this research, however the methods for recording and processing these data are time-consuming and tedious. In order to streamline these processes, we have developed AMScorer, an easy-to-use Excel spreadsheet, which enables the user to record data rapidly during from microscopy-based assays, and instantly performs the subsequent data processing steps. In our hands, AMScorer has more than halved the time required for data collection compared to paper-based methods. Subsequently, we developed AMReader, a user-friendly R package, which enables easy visualization and statistical analyses of data from AMScorer. These tools require only limited skills in Excel and R, and can accelerate research into AM symbioses, help researchers with variable resources to conduct research, and facilitate the storage and sharing of data from AM colonization assays. They are available for download at https://github.com/EJarrattBarnham/AMReader, along with an extensive user manual.

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Arbuscular mycorrhiza, a fungal perspective

Cited by 5 publications

References 181 publications

Ciências biológicas: as diversas manifestações da vida

Ciências biológicas: as diversas manifestações da vida

Detection of rare variants among nuclei populating the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal model species Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198

Efficiently recording and processing data from arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization assays using AMScorer and AMReader

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