Arboviral causes of non-specific fever and myalgia in a fever hospital patient population in Cairo, Egypt

Darwish, Mahmoud; Feinsod, Fred M.; Scott, Robert McNair; Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Botros, B. A. M.; Farrag, Ibrahim H.; Said, Sherif El

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(87)90378-6

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Convalescent sera results were reported in two AFI studies, neither of which was positive as indicated by a four-fold rise in antibody titers [37, 38]. One study reporting detection of CHIKV in mosquito pools was identified in our search, in which CHIKV was detected by RT-qPCR in 26.6% of 11 pools of 30 Ae .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Urban Chikungunya in the Middle East and North Africa: A systematic review

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe epidemiology of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is not well characterized despite increasing recognition of its expanding infection and disease burden in recent years.Methodology / Principal findingsFollowing Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and reporting our findings following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed records describing the human prevalence and incidence, CHIKV prevalence/infection rates in vectors, outbreaks, and reported cases for CHIKV across the MENA region. We identified 29 human seroprevalence measures, one human incidence study, one study reporting CHIKV infection rates in Aedes, and nine outbreaks and case reports/series reported in the MENA from 1970–2015. Overall, anti-CHIKV antibody or reports of autochthonous transmission were identified from 10 of 23 countries in the MENA region (Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen), with seroprevalence measures among general populations (median 1.0%, range 0–43%) and acute febrile illness populations (median 9.8%, range 0–30%). Sudan reported the highest number of studies (n = 11) and the highest seroprevalence among general populations (median 12%, range 0–43%) and undifferentiated acute febrile illness populations (median 18%, range 10–23%). CHIKV outbreaks were reported from Djibouti, Pakistan, Sudan, and Yemen.Conclusions / SignificanceSeroprevalence studies and outbreak reports suggest endemic transmission of urban cycle CHIKV in at least the Red Sea region and Pakistan. However, indications of seroprevalence despite a low quantity of CHIKV epidemiologic research from the region suggests that CHIKV transmission is currently underrecognized.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Urban Chikungunya in the Middle East and North Africa: A systematic review

et al. 2017

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“…SFS and SFN generally cause a febrile illness with headaches lasting for several days [7,14,20,21], whereas TOS infection is characterized by high fever, severe headaches, and aseptic meningitis with long convalescence [16][17][18]22]. At present, only a few cases of TOS infection have been reported in individuals from nonendemic areas [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serosurvey and laboratory diagnosis of imported sandfly fever virus, serotype Toscana, infection in Germany

et al. 1995

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SUMMARYOf eight acute infections in German tourists caused by sandfly fever virus, serotype Toscana (TOS), and diagnosed clinically and serologically, seven were acquired during visits to Tuscany, Italy, and one to Coimbra, Portugal. An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using infected cells, and a newly developed enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) using crude virus antigen prepared from infected Vero-E6 cells was used to detect anti-TOS IgM and IgG. In a seroepidemiological survey of 859 health care workers and medical students, anti-TOS IgG was detected in 1-0% by IFA, and in 0 7 % by EIA. In 2034 German patients hospitalized for various diseases, 1 6 % were positive for anti-TOS IgG by IFA, and 0-8 % by EIA. Anti-TOS IgG was detected in 43 samples of commercial immunoglobulins at titres of 10-1000 by EIA. Although the seroprevalence of antibodies to TOS is low in Germany, TOS infection should be considered in patients returning from endemic areas who complain of fever, and headaches, and have symptoms of meningitis.

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“…Seroprevalence studies performed with human or vertebrate sera indicates that SFSV, or a closely related one, is circulating in Jordan [26], Israel [27], Sudan [28], Tunisia [29], Pakistan [30], Egypt [31], Bangladesh [32], Iran [33]. At the outset of this study, the most comprehensive serological study did not detect the presence of neutralizing antibodies reactive to SFSV in human sera of Algerian populations of Tamanrasset and Djanet [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Serological Evidence for the Presence of Novel Phleboviruses in Sandflies from Northern Algeria

Moureau¹

2010

TOVJ

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During summer 2007, a total of 785 phlebotomine flies were trapped in northern Algeria, identified morphologically, organised as monospecific pools and tested for the presence of phlebovirus RNA using degenerate primers. Three pools were positive, and the corresponding PCR products were cloned and sequenced. Viral sequences corresponding to two phleboviruses distinct from each other were detected in sandflies circulating in two close locations (140 km apart) in Northern Algeria. The 3 sequences were aligned with homologous polymerase sequences retrieved from the Genbank database, in order to examine their phylogenetic relationships. One viral sequence (from Phlebotomus papatasi) was closely related to but distinct from a sequence obtained from Phlebotomus ariasi sandflies trapped in Algeria in 2006. The two other viral sequences (from Phlebotomus longicuspis) were genetically distantly related to sequences corresponding to virus members of the Sandfly fever Naples virus species and although falling within the same group, this clearly represents a second distinct novel lineage. These results are indicative of a high genetic heterogeneity within sandflies trapped in a relatively small geographic area. Seroprevalence studies conducted on sera from populations living in the same areas indicated that humans can be infected by these viruses.

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Arboviral causes of non-specific fever and myalgia in a fever hospital patient population in Cairo, Egypt

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Urban Chikungunya in the Middle East and North Africa: A systematic review

Urban Chikungunya in the Middle East and North Africa: A systematic review

Serosurvey and laboratory diagnosis of imported sandfly fever virus, serotype Toscana, infection in Germany

Molecular and Serological Evidence for the Presence of Novel Phleboviruses in Sandflies from Northern Algeria

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