Aqueous two-phase system formed by alkanolammonium-based Protic Ionic Liquids and acetone: Experimental data, thermodynamic modeling, and Kraft lignin partition

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Data of Water + Butanol/Acetone + 2-Hydroxyethylammonium-Based Protic Ionic Liquids

“…Therefore, according to Sun et al., they are not suitable as a possible extractor of n -butanol from water. The same behavior was observed by Dias et al for similar systems (PILs + water + acetone).…”

“…As can be seen in Figures A and S14A, for both temperatures (293.15 and 323.15 K), the immiscibility region size of group 1 becomes slightly smaller as the 2-hydroxyethylammonium cationic chain length increases from HEA + to THEA + , therefore reducing the immiscibility between acetone and PIL, which follows HEAA > BHEAA > THEAA. Based on the K 3 values (Tables –) lower than 1 for the systems, the affinity between the PILs with water is higher than the affinity of the PILs with acetone . Furthermore, it could be seen that THEAA’s binodal curves are further from the acetone origin axis.…”

“…This method consisted of the dropwise addition of a concentrated stock of a first compound (C i ) using an equipped syringe to a known amount of the solution (S), which is rich in the second compound (C ii ). The experiments were conducted in a well-sealed glass jacket cell (21 cm 3 ) attached to a thermostatic bath (Tecnal, TE- 84) with water circulation for temperature control . It was done under continuous stirring with a magnetic stirrer (Fisatom, 752) and also until the mixture became cloudy.…”

“…The experimental data were correlated using the NRTL model, which is based on the concept of local composition and it is applicable in fully miscible and partially miscible systems. This model is widely used to correlate experimental data of LLE for similar systems with good agreement. , …”

Investigation of Kraft Lignin Solubility in Protic Ionic Liquids and Their Aqueous Solutions

“…Synthesis of PILs and Their Characterization. The following seven PILs were synthesized in an acid−base reaction as described in the next paragraph and previously reported by A ́lvarez et al 48 and by Dias et al: 46,49 2hydroxyethylammonium malonate (HEAMn), 2-hydroxyethylammonium malate (HEAM), 2-hydroxyethylammonium succinate (HEASu), 2-hydroxyethylammonium glycolate (HEAG), 2-hydroxyethylammonium lactate (HEAL), bis(2hydroxyethyl)ammonium lactate (BHEAL), and tris(2hydroxyethyl)ammonium lactate (THEAL). The reagents were weighed in stoichiometric proportions.…”