Aqueous polymerizations

Camacho‐Cruz, Luis A.; Velazco‐Medel, Marlene A.; Bucio, Emilio

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819542-0.00009-9

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…In the aqueous phase, the monomers with free radicals are dispersed 66 . Producing polymer latex using a solvent (usually water) is commonly applied in emulsion polymerisation 67 28 .…”

Section: Methods Of Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emulsion polymerisation, in which oil‐in‐water emulsion is added as droplets of monomer (oil‐based) and emulsified using surfactants in a continuous phase of water, is most prevalent. Surfactants, water‐soluble initiators and monomers are the most crucial components of the emulsion polymerisation system 67 …”

Section: Methods Of Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ultimate product is a dispersion of polymer particles in water, which can also be referred to as a polymer colloid or latex. The encapsulated product's characteristics are dependent on the pH, the identity and concentration of the monomers, the type of initiators, surfactants and their ionic strengths, temperature, the size of droplets and micelle size 67 71 .…”

Section: Methods Of Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An overview of the science and art of encapsulated pigments: Preparation, performance and application

Tawiah

Asinyo

Frimpong

et al. 2022

Coloration Technology

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Pigments are classified as organic or inorganic based on their chemical composition. 1,2 Typically, organic pigments comprise compounds of carbon elements that participate in covalent bonding, while inorganic pigments consist primarily of ground minerals such as metals, metallic salts (except barium salts of dyes) and metalloid salts, which do not contain carbon bonds. 3 Although some organic pigments may contain inorganic elements as stabilisers, organic pigments are defined primarily based on their congugated carbon bonds (except carbon black). 2 To improve the chemical, thermal, freeze-thaw and dispersion stability of organic pigments upon application, these classes of pigments have been the subject of extensive research over the years due to their obvious advantages. [4][5][6] Typically, the colour strength and optical properties of coated/printed substrates depend largely on the quality of the pigmented ink/paste and the nature of the substrate. The quality of the pigmented ink/paste then rests on the quality of the dispersion system (ie, the degree of the dispersion and its stability). 5,7 Dispersion stability is very important from the point of view of surface coatings and printing systems, especially for encapsulated inks that

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“…In the aqueous phase, the monomers with free radicals are dispersed 66 . Producing polymer latex using a solvent (usually water) is commonly applied in emulsion polymerisation 67 28 .…”

Section: Methods Of Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods Of Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods Of Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An overview of the science and art of encapsulated pigments: Preparation, performance and application

Tawiah

Asinyo

Frimpong

et al. 2022

Coloration Technology

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“…Polymer-rich monomer droplets are being formed that join together, and a network filled with large spaces (i.e., heterogeneous, porous hydrogels) is obtained by the end of the polymerization process. Such process is called a heterogeneous solution polymerization or dispersion polymerization [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Macrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the variety of the current methods that fulfill the aforementioned synthetic requirements, a classification of these methods according to their reaction mechanisms is helpful when deciding how to obtain a specific hydrogel. This classification is listed below [ 4 , 39 , 69 ]: Grafting by radical polymerizations: This method is among the most common as it is relatively easy to apply to a great variety of surfaces and it works on virtually any monomer containing vinyl groups. In these procedures, typically, functional groups active on radical polymerization (vinyl groups, azo groups, peroxides, i.e.,) are immobilized through chemical means on the substrate that will be grafted.…”

Section: Grafted Hydrogel Chainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Updated Review of Macro, Micro, and Nanostructured Hydrogels for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications

et al. 2020

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Hydrogels are materials with wide applications in several fields, including the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. Their properties such as the capacity of absorbing great amounts of aqueous solutions without losing shape and mechanical properties, as well as loading drugs of different nature, including hydrophobic ones and biomolecules, give an idea of their versatility and promising demand. As they have been explored in a great number of studies for years, many routes of synthesis have been developed, especially for chemical/permanent hydrogels. In the same way, stimuli-responsive hydrogels, also known as intelligent materials, have been explored too, enhancing the regulation of properties such as targeting and drug release. By controlling the particle size, hydrogel on the micro- and nanoscale have been studied likewise and have increased, even more, the possibilities for applications of the so-called XXI century materials. In this paper, we aimed to produce an overview of the recent studies concerning methods of synthesis, biomedical, and pharmaceutical applications of macro-, micro, and nanogels.

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Polymeric Surfactants: Recent Advancement in Their Synthesis, Properties, and Industrial Applications

Aleid

Tripathy

Gupta

et al. 2023

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Polymeric surfactants are a special class of the polymers that have amphiphilic characteristics of surfactants. In selective solvents, polymeric surfactants exhibit interesting association processes and develop self‐assembled structures. Their capacity to create micellar aggregates with stimuli‐responsive behavior in aqueous solutions, enables the creation of smart materials for many applications. The only restrictions to the creation of polymeric surfactants with complicated structures using current synthetic methods are the researchers' interests and creativity. The chemical structure of the polymer and its aqueous solution characteristics (viscosity and surface tension) should be demonstrated as having a distinct and commonly accepted connection. Unavailability of systematic and updated review on these important molecules demands a comprehensive compilation and consistent discussion on key physical aspects, characterization, synthetic techniques, and their useful applications like enhanced recovery of oil, antimicrobial potential, water treatment, pharmaceutical, etc.

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Aqueous polymerizations

Cited by 15 publications

References 180 publications

An overview of the science and art of encapsulated pigments: Preparation, performance and application

An overview of the science and art of encapsulated pigments: Preparation, performance and application

An Updated Review of Macro, Micro, and Nanostructured Hydrogels for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications

Polymeric Surfactants: Recent Advancement in Their Synthesis, Properties, and Industrial Applications

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