“…Although they are often novice instructors, GTAs -and science GTAs in particular -receive minimal pedagogical support, training, or continuous mentoring during their graduate tenure (Rushin et al, 1997;Luft et al, 2004;Tanner & Allen, 2006). Many universities offer orientations or seminars before the academic year begins (at university and/or departmental levels) or distribute training manuals (Lowman & Mathie, 1993;Rushin et al, 1997) as their only form of professional development, while some universities offer formal education courses or mentoring (Boyle & Boice, 1998;Baumgartner, 2007;Lockwood et al, 2014).…”